International Journal of Engineering

International Journal of Engineering

Multi-Stream Nozzle Apparatus for Advanced Energy-Efficient Jet Devices and Systems

Document Type : Special Issue on FPP

Authors
Y. A. Sazonov 1
M. A. Mokhov 1
I. V. Gryaznova 1
V. V. Voronova 1
H. A. Tumanyan 1
E. I. Konyushkov 1
A. V. Dengaev 1
L. R. Sagirova 2
S. S. Zamaraev 2
1 Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Moscow, Russia
2 Empress Catherine II St. Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
10.5829/ije.2026.39.10a.18
Abstract
This paper aims to carry out interdisciplinary research within an emerging scientific field focused on thrust vector control over a full spherical geometry, where the thrust vector can be deflected continuously through a complete angular range of ±180° in all spatial directions. A patented variant of a multi-stream nozzle apparatus is analyzed. The distribution of energy of the working gas is analyzed for cases with different working pressures. A critical cross-section of rectangular geometry has been examined. The article presents 3 simulation results with a range of values for gas mass flow rate from 0.296 kg/s to 1.173 kg/s and for thrust from 396.53 N to 2140.15 N. Prospects for the practical application of the obtained results are discussed, including the creation of digital twins for use in the educational process in training engineers. For conceptual design, Euler’s methodology in combination with CFD technologies is proposed, consistent with contemporary approaches to handling large datasets. A scientific foundation has been established for the development of lattice-type multistream jet systems based on Euler’s methodology.Three main directions for further scientific research are identified: energy-efficient power systems; effective development of oil and gas fields; and transport robotic systems for operation on land, at sea, and in the air.

Graphical Abstract

Multi-Stream Nozzle Apparatus for Advanced Energy-Efficient Jet Devices and Systems
Keywords
Nozzle Apparatus
Ejector
Thrust Vector
Computer Modeling
Euler's Methodology
Jet Systems

Subjects

1.    Sazonov YA, Mokhov MA, Bondarenko AV, Voronova VV, Tumanyan KA, Konyushkov EI. Investigation of a multiflow ejector equipped with variable-length links for thrust vector control using Euler's methodology. Engineering. 2024;5(4):2999-3022. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5040156
2.    Sazonov YA, Mokhov MA, Bondarenko AV, Voronova VV, Tumanyan KA, Konyushkov EI. Study of reversible nozzle apparatuses using Euler methodology and CFD technologies. Civil Engineering Journal. 2024;10(11):3640-71. https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-013
3.    Sazonov YA, Mokhov MA, Bondarenko AV, Voronova VV, Tumanyan KA, Konyushkov EI. Jet apparatus. Russian Federation Patent 2839870 C1. 2025.
4.    Li X, Dunkin F, Dezert J. Multi-source information fusion: Progress and future. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics. 2024;37(7):24-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2023.12.009
5.    Schafer Y, Stossel M, Barnique A, Kozulovic D. Effects of tip injection on a turbofan engine with non-invasive high-speed actuators. International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power. 2025;10(2):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp10020009
6.    Luo Y, Wu Z, Li Z, Cheng L, Qi P, Mou J. Design of a novel pump cavitation valve and study of its cavitation characteristics. Water. 2025;17:1503. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101503
7.    Ulger Danaci O. The effect of renewable and non-renewable energy on economic growth: A panel cointegration analysis for the top renewable energy consumers (1970-2023). Energies. 2025;18:4745. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18174745
8.    Hesami A, Kazempoor P, Acacio VJ, Van Dam JD. Systems and methods for gas pulse jet pump. United States Patent 10837463. 2020.
9.    Teneva EV. Emotionalization of the 2021-2022 global energy crisis coverage: Analyzing the rhetorical appeals as manipulation means in the mainstream media. Journalism and Mass Media. 2025;6(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalism6010014
10.    Legrand B, Gaillard A, Bouquain D. Comparative study of hybrid electric distributed propulsion aircraft through multiple powertrain component modeling approaches. Aerospace. 2025;12:732. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12080732
11.    Verbitsky VS, Dengaev AV, Safiullina EU, et al. Analyzing efficiency of joint operation of gas separator and screw pump on high-viscosity gas-liquid mixture. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics. 2024;37(10):1901-13. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2024.37.10a.04
12.    Sazonov YA, Mokhov MA, Gryaznova IV, et al. Development of a scientific approach to the advancement of multi-stream jet systems based on Euler's methodology. Neftyanoye Khozyaystvo. 2025;(9):30-35. https://doi.org/10.24887/0028-2448-2025-9-30-35
13.    Rubison WC. Reversible flow centrifugal pump. United States Patent 2442512. 1948.
14.    Hou Y, Xue R. Hydraulic performance and flow characteristics of a high-speed centrifugal pump based on multi-objective optimization. Fluids. 2025;10:174. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10070174
15.    Shim HS. Influence of impeller-diffuser side-gap flow with a simplified leakage model on the performance and internal flow of a centrifugal pump. Energies. 2025;18:1278. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051278
16.    Koteleva N, Buslaev G, Valnev V, Kunshin A. Augmented reality system and maintenance of oil pumps. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications. 2020;33(8):1620-28. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2020.33.08b.20
17.    Zhang L, Li Y, Ma M, Kong L, Huang Z, Xu L, Wang B. Numerical investigation of clocking effects on the hydraulic performance of pump-turbine in pump mode. Energies. 2025;18:4317. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164317
18.    Tsentis SE, Gkoutzamanis VG, Gaitanis AD, Kalfas AI. Multi-platform app-embedded model for hybrid air-breathing rocket-cycle engine in hypersonic atmospheric ascent. Aeronautical Journal. 2021;125(1291):1631-53. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2021.3
19.    Cardenas IR, Lain S, Lopez OD. A review of aerospike nozzles: Current trends in aerospace applications. Aerospace. 2025;12:519. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12060519
20.    Gonzalez-Viana A, Sastre F, Martin E, Velazquez A. Multi-objective optimization of rocket-type pulse detonation engine nozzles. Aerospace. 2025;12:502. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12060502
21.    Shumeiko A, Telekh V, Ryzhkov S. Thrust-vectoring schemes for electric propulsion systems: A review. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics. 2025;38(6):103401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2025.103401
22.    Cheng Z, Yang W, Zeng L, Wu L. Pressure characteristics analysis of the deflector jet pilot stage under dynamic skewed velocity distribution. Aerospace. 2025;12:638. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12070638
23.    Xu Z, Liu B, Tong Y, Dong Z, Feng Y. Modeling and control of ejector-based hydrogen circulation system for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems. Energies. 2024;17:2460. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112460
24.    Li J, Wu T, Cheng C, Li J, Zhou K. A review of the research progress and application of key components in the hydrogen fuel cell system. Processes. 2024;12:249. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12020249
25.    Li C, Sun B, Bao L. Coupling global parameters and local flow optimization of a pulsed ejector for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Sustainability. 2024;16:4170. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104170
26.    Brunner DA, Marcks S, Bajpai M, Prasad AK, Advani SG. Design and characterization of an electronically controlled variable flow rate ejector for fuel cell applications. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2012;37(5):4457-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.11.116
27.    Lysak IA, Lysak GV, Konyukhov VY, Stupina AA, Gozbenko VE, Yamshchikov AS. Efficiency optimization of an annular-nozzle air ejector under the influence of structural and operating parameters. Mathematics. 2023;11:3039. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11143039
28.    Gu R, Sun M, Cai Z, Chen J, Li P, Dong Z, Huang Y. Experimental study on the rocket-ejector system with a throat in the secondary stream. Aerospace Science and Technology. 2021;113:106697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2021.106697
29.    Riaz S, Aaltonen J, Pinkse T, Koskinen K. Numerical investigation and validation of multiphase flow in annular jet pump: A mixture model approach. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal. 2025;69:102100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102100
30.    Cican G, Frigioescu TF, Crunteanu DE, Cristea L. Micro turbojet engine nozzle ejector impact on acoustic emission, thrust force and fuel consumption analysis. Aerospace. 2023;10:162. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10020162
31.    Kim SW. Traction booster. Japanese Patent JP2024516044. 2024.
32.    Wlezien R. Control of revolutionary aircraft with novel effectors (CRANE). Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. 2023.
33.    Smith C. Aurora begins building full-scale active flow control X-plane. Aurora Flight Sciences. 2024.
34.    Xu B, Feng L. Experimental research on three-axis control of flying-wing aircraft based on active flow control. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics. 2025;38(8):103443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2025.103443
35.    Suction jet pump. United States Patent 10072674. 2018.
36.    Bolobov V, Martynenko YV, Voronov V, Latipov I, Popov G. Improvement of the liquefied natural gas vapor utilization system using a gas ejector. Inventions. 2022;7(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7010014
37.    Korshak AA, Pshenin VV. Determination of parameters of non-pump ejector gasoline vapor recovery unit. Science and Technologies: Oil and Oil Products Pipeline Transportation. 2023;13(1):25-31. https://doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2023-13-1-25-31
38.    Wang C, Lu H, Kong X, Wang S, Ren D, Huang T. Effects of pulsed jet intensities on the performance of the S-duct. Aerospace. 2023;10:184. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10020184
39.    Ahmed F, Eames I, Moeendarbary E, Azarbadegan A. High-Strouhal-number pulsatile flow in a curved pipe. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2021;923:A15. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.553
40.    Brethouwer G. Turbulent flow in curved channels. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2022;931:A21. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.953
41.    Zhang X, Shan Y, Zhang J. Influence of vertical/spanwise offsets on aerodynamic performance of double serpentine nozzles. Aerospace. 2025;12:171. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12030171
42.    Liu J, Wang D, Huang X. Design methodology for fishtailed pipe diffusers and its application to a high-pressure ratio centrifugal compressor. Aerospace. 2025;12:746. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12080746
43.    Sokolov EYa, Singer NM. Jet devices. Moscow: Energoatomizdat; 1989.
44.    Feyerabend PK. Against method: Outline of an anarchistic theory of knowledge. London; 1975.
45.    Bistafa SR. Investigation of a water turbine built according to Euler's proposals (1754). arXiv. 2021. https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12048
46.    Redkin AV, Yaloza YA, Kovalev IE. Reliability assessment of a convertible aircraft with a hybrid powerplant and a multi-rotor lifting system. Scientific Bulletin of MSTU GA. 2020;23(5):76-96. https://doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2020-23-5-76-96
International Journal of Engineering
Volume 39, Issue 10
TRANSACTIONS A: Basics
October 2026
Pages 2571-2582