International Journal of Engineering

International Journal of Engineering

Sustainable High-performance Self-compacting Concrete with Multi Blended of Materials Powders: Fresh and Hardened Properties

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
R. K. Khoman
H. M. Owaid
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
10.5829/ije.2026.39.05b.05
Abstract
High-performance self-consolidating concrete represents a significant advancement in construction technology. This study examined and compared the fresh-state properties (slump flow (D (mm), V-Funnel flow time, and L-box tests), hardened-state properties (unit weight and compressive strength), and microstructure characteristics (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)) of high-performance self-consolidating concrete (HPSCC) with a reference mix (M0) as the control mix containing only Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) without pozzolanic substitutions. Two blend systems were developed in this study: a binary blend system and a quaternary blend system, which included (OPC+CKC, OPC+WMP, OPC+GGBS, and OPC+CKC+WMP+GGBS). The results for the fresh properties of all HPSCC mixtures fell within the acceptable ranges set by EFNARC, with no segregation or bleeding observed, and all HPSCC mixtures demonstrated superior performance than the control mixture. From this study, it can be concluded that using 60% OPC + 10% CKC + 10% WMP + 20% GGBS yielded improved fresh, compressive strength and denser microstructure compared to control mix (M0), making it suitable for use as HPSCC. By cutting clinker content 40 %, the optimal quaternary blend lowers the binder’s embodied CO₂ by roughly 30 %, offering a tangible environmental benefit while still achieving a 90‑day compressive strength of 86.1 MPa.

Graphical Abstract

Sustainable High-performance Self-compacting Concrete with Multi Blended of Materials Powders: Fresh and Hardened Properties
Keywords
High-performance Self-consolidating Concrete
Calcined Kaolin Clay
Waste Marble Powder
Fresh-state Properties
Hardened-State Properties
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

Subjects

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International Journal of Engineering
Volume 39, Issue 5
TRANSACTIONS B: Applications
May 2026
Pages 1101-1114