This paper presents a mantle cloak structure to provide a wideband capability to hide a metallic cylinder over a broad span of angles of obliquely impinging plane waves. A bi-layered dielectric structure and a sheet of metasurface are used to enclose the object to be hidden. At first, the scattered field, including co- and cross-polarized components, is analytically formulated using circumferential waves for a multi-layer wrap around the cylinder. A tensor description is also applied to model the impedance of the metasurface for TE and TM waves. Then, a metasurface made of rectangular patches is considered, and its related parameters are optimized to hide a perfect electric conductor (PEC) cylinder. Moreover, a double-layered mantle cloak is presented and numerically investigated using a software package to enhance its cloaking bandwidth. The numerical results show that the clocking bandwidth is enhanced by up to 33% compared to that of a single-layered structure.
Schurig, D., Mock, J.J., Justice, B., Cummer, S.A., Pendry, J.B., Starr, A.F. and Smith, D.R., "Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies", Science, Vol. 314, No. 5801, (2006), 977-980, DOI: 10.1126/science.1133628.
Alù, A. and Engheta, N., "Achieving transparency with plasmonic and metamaterial coatings", Physical Review E, Vol. 72, No. 1, (2005), 016623, DOI: 10.1103/ PhysRevE. 72.016623.
Alù, A. and Engheta, N., "Plasmonic cloaks", in Metamaterials and Plasmonics: Fundamentals, Modelling, Applications, Springer. (2009), 37-47, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9407-1_3.
Padooru, Y.R., Yakovlev, A.B., Chen, P.-Y. and Alu, A., "Analytical modeling of conformal mantle cloaks for cylindrical objects using sub-wavelength printed and slotted arrays", Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 112, No. 3, (2012), 034907, DOI: 10.1063/1.4745888.
Ergin, T., Stenger, N., Brenner, P., Pendry, J.B. and Wegener, M., "Three-dimensional invisibility cloak at optical wavelengths", Science, Vol. 328, No. 5976, (2010), 337-339, DOI: 10.1126/science.1186351.
Valentine, J., Li, J., Zentgraf, T., Bartal, G. and Zhang, X., "An optical cloak made of dielectrics", Nature Materials, Vol. 8, No. 7, (2009), 568-571, DOI: 10.1038/nmat2461.
Alù, A. and Engheta, N., "Cloaking a sensor", Physical Review letters, Vol. 102, No. 23, (2009), 233901, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.233901.
Alù, A. and Engheta, N., "Multifrequency optical invisibility cloak with layered plasmonic shells", Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, No. 11, (2008), 113901, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.113901.
Alu, A. and Engheta, N., "Plasmonic and metamaterial cloaking: Physical mechanisms and potentials", Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, Vol. 10, No. 9, (2008), 093002, DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/10/9/093002.
Milton, G.W. and Nicorovici, N.-A.P., "On the cloaking effects associated with anomalous localized resonance", Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 462, No. 2074, (2006), 3027-3059, DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2006.1715.
Yuste, P., Rius, J. M., Romeu, J., Blanch, S., Heldring, A. and Ubeda, E., "A microwave invisibility cloak: The design, simulation, and measurement of a simple and effective frequency-selective surface-based mantle cloak", IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 60, No. 4, (2018), 49-59, DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2018.2839903.
Alù, A., "Mantle cloak: Invisibility induced by a surface", Physical Review B, Vol. 80, No. 24, (2009), 245115.
Chen, P.-Y. and Alu, A., "Mantle cloaking using thin patterned metasurfaces", Physical Review B, Vol. 84, No. 20, (2011), 205110, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.245115.
Chen, P.-Y., Montione, F. and Alu, A., "Suppressing the electromagnetic scattering with a helical mantle cloak", IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10, (2011), 1598-1601, DOI: 10.1109/LAWP. 2011. 2179001.
Monti, A., Toscano, A. and Bilotti, F., "Metasurface mantle cloak for antenna applications", in Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE. (2012), 1-2, DOI: 10.1109/APS.2012. 6348711.
Soric, J.C., Alù, A., Kerkhoff, A. and Rainwater, D., "Experimental demonstration of a conformal mantle cloak for radio-waves", in Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE. (2012), 1-2, DOI: 10.1109/APS.2012.6349400.
Monti, A., Bilotti, F., Toscano, A., Soric, J. and Alù, A., "Mantle cloak devices for TE and TM polarizations", in 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), IEEE. (2013), 324-325, DOI: 10.1109/APS.2013.6710823.
Bernety, H. M. and Yakovlev, A. B., "Metasurface cloaks for dielectric and metallic elliptical cylinders and strips", in 2014 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), IEEE. (2014), 496-499, DOI: 10.1109/ICEAA.2014.6903905.
Moosaei, A. and Neshati, Mohammad H., "Design investigation of mantle-cloak for a PEC cylindrical object under oblique incidence of TM and TE waves", AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 137, (2021), 153801, DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153801.
Moosaei, A. and Neshati, Mohammad H., "Wide-band cloaking of finite length pec cylindrical objects under oblique incidence using multi-layer mantle cloak", in 2021 29th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), IEEE. (2021), 886-890, DOI: 10.1109/ICEE52715.2021. 9544464.
Hamzavi-Zarghani, Z., Yahaghi, A. and Matekovits, L., "Electrically tunable mantle cloaking utilizing graphene metasurface for oblique incidence", AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 116, (2020), 153080, DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2020.153080.
Pawar, S., Bernety, H.M. and Yakovlev, A.B., "Cloaking of cylindrical objects with graphene-metasurface structures for low-terahertz applications", in 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI), IEEE. (2022), 1366-1367, DOI: 10.1109/AP-S/USNC-URSI47032.2022. 9886308.
Bilotti, F., Tricarico, S. and Vegni, L., "Plasmonic metamaterial cloaking at optical frequencies", IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, No. 1, (2009), 55-61, DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2009.2025945.
Studio, C.M., "CST microwave studio", CST Studio Suite, (2020).
Osipov, A. V. and Tretyakov, S. A., "Modern electromagnetic scattering theory with applications", John Wiley & Sons, NewYork, 2017.
S. Vellucci et al., "On the use of nonlinear metasurfaces for circumventing fundamental limits of mantle cloaking for antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 8, (2021), 5048-5053, DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2021.3061010.
H. Younesiraad, Z. Hamzavi-Zarghani, and L. Matekovits, "Invisibility utilizing Huygens’ metasurface based on mantle cloak and scattering suppression phenomen," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 8, (2021), 5181-5186, DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2021.3060022.
V. Pratik, M. Singh Bisht, and K. Vaibhav Srivastava, "Improving performance of mantle cloak for electrically large PEC cylinders by reducing higher-order scattering coefficients," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 35, No. 9, (2021), 1176-1191, DOI: 10. 1080/09205071.2021.1872042.
M. Bisht, V. P. Vinubhai, and K. V. Srivastava, "Analysis and realization of a wideband mantle cloak with improved cloaking performance," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 34, No. 10, (2020), 1386-1399, DOI: 10.1080/09205071.2020.1726213
Moosaei, A., & Neshati, M. H. (2023). Development of a Wideband Bi-layered Mantle-Cloak for Perfect Electric Conductor Cylindrical Objects under Obliquely Incident Plane Wave. International Journal of Engineering, 36(12), 2161-2168. doi: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.04
MLA
A. Moosaei; M. H. Neshati. "Development of a Wideband Bi-layered Mantle-Cloak for Perfect Electric Conductor Cylindrical Objects under Obliquely Incident Plane Wave". International Journal of Engineering, 36, 12, 2023, 2161-2168. doi: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.04
HARVARD
Moosaei, A., Neshati, M. H. (2023). 'Development of a Wideband Bi-layered Mantle-Cloak for Perfect Electric Conductor Cylindrical Objects under Obliquely Incident Plane Wave', International Journal of Engineering, 36(12), pp. 2161-2168. doi: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.04
VANCOUVER
Moosaei, A., Neshati, M. H. Development of a Wideband Bi-layered Mantle-Cloak for Perfect Electric Conductor Cylindrical Objects under Obliquely Incident Plane Wave. International Journal of Engineering, 2023; 36(12): 2161-2168. doi: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.04