Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Expansive soils have the tendency to more swelling, shrinking and compressibility by variation in soil-water interaction affecting the alteration in the bearing capacity of soil. There are several methods used to stabilize the soils and promote sustainable development in the construction industry. In this, soil stabilization is prime and efficient techniques to improve the strength by altering the physical characteristics of the soil. In addition, admixtures improved the chemical characteristics of soil and also attained stability by improving the bonding between the soil structures. Soil stabilization has been experimented by many researchers and successfully used in several field applications especially using cement, lime, ashes, chemicals etc. An alternative to these options mentioned is using natural cementitious material such as calcined clay as an admixture. This work focuses on the effect, the development of the strength properties of treated soils with varying percentages of calcined clay as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% under varying curing times. The enhanced strength behaviours of the expansive soil were determined by performing the unconfined compression test and also the microstructural studies like SEM and XRD for the selected samples. The results indicate that the maximum strength was attained on 8% admixture treated soil. Thus calcined clay acts as a natural cost-effective and eco-friendly stabilizer in place of replacement of cement to stabilize expansive soil which develops the strength characteristics of the expansive soil and also reduces environmental pollution.
Wang, F., Wang, H., Jin, F. and Al-Tabbaa, A., "The performance of blended conventional and novel binders in the in-situ stabilisation/solidification of a contaminated site soil", Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 285, (2015), 46-52. doi. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.11.002
Ayadat, T., Hanna, A.M. and Hamitouche, A., "Soil improvement by internally reinforced stone columns", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Ground Improvement, Vol. 161, No. 2, (2008), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.2022.175.3.165
Phanikumar, B., Rao, A. and Suresh, K., "Compressive load response of expansive clay beds reinforced with granular pile-anchorsin-situ", Ground Improvement, Vol. 161, No. 3, (2008), 121-129. doi: 10.1139/t03-075.
Prusinski, J.R. and Bhattacharja, S., "Effectiveness of portland cement and lime in stabilizing clay soils", Transportation Research Record, Vol. 1652, No. 1, (1999), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.3141/1652-28
Wild, S. and Tasong, W., "Influence of ground granulated blastfurnace slag on the sulphate resistance of lime-stabilized kaolinite", Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol. 51, No. 4, (1999), 247-254. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.1999.51.4.247
Yang, H.-P. and Zheng, J.-L., The new engineering treatment techniques of expansive soils subgrade for guangxi nanning-youyi guan expressway, in Unsaturated soils 2006. 2006.439-450.
Lee, L.M., Ng, W.S., Tan, C.K. and Hii, S.L., "Bio-mediated soil improvement under various concentrations of cementation reagent", in Applied mechanics and materials, Trans Tech Publ. Vol. 204, (2012), 326-329.
Tasong, W.A., Wild, S. and Tilley, R.J., "Mechanisms by which ground granulated blastfurnace slag prevents sulphate attack of lime-stabilised kaolinite", Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 29, No. 7, (1999), 975-982. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00007-1
Javdanian, H., "The effect of geopolymerization on the unconfined compressive strength of stabilized fine-grained soils", International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, Vol. 30, No. 11, (2017), 1673-1680. doi: 10.5829/ije.2017.30.11b.07.
Rahmannejad, M. and Toufigh, V., "Influence of curing time and water content on unconfined compressive strength of sand stabilized using epoxy resin", International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, Vol. 31, No. 8, (2018), 1187-1195. doi: 10.5829/ije.2018.31.08b.05.
Oza, J. and Gundaliya, P., "Study of black cotton soil characteristics with cement waste dust and lime", Procedia Engineering, Vol. 51, (2013), 110-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.017
Miller, G.A. and Azad, S., "Influence of soil type on stabilization with cement kiln dust", Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 14, No. 2, (2000), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(00)00007-6
Wild, S., Kinuthia, J., Jones, G. and Higgins, D., "Suppression of swelling associated with ettringite formation in lime stabilized sulphate bearing clay soils by partial substitution of lime with ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS)", Engineering Geology, Vol. 51, No. 4, (1999), 257-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(98)00069-6
Takhelmayum, G., Savitha, A. and Krishna, G., "Laboratory study on soil stabilization using fly ash mixtures", International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), Vol. 2, No. 1, (2013), 477-482. doi.
Rajasekaran, G., "Sulphate attack and ettringite formation in the lime and cement stabilized marine clays", Ocean Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 8-9, (2005), 1133-1159. doi. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2004.08.012
Priyanga, G., Krishnan, K.D. and Ravichandran, P., "Characteristics of rubberized soil with ground granulated blast-furnace slag as binder material", Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 5, No. 2, (2018), 8655-8661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.290
Manimaran, A., Santhosh, S. and Ravichandran, P., "Characteristics study on sub grade soil blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag", Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 11, No. 1, (2018), 401-404. doi: 10.7324/RJC.2018.1112044.
Indiramma, P., Sudharani, C. and Needhidasan, S., "Utilization of fly ash and lime to stabilize the expansive soil and to sustain pollution free environment–an experimental study", Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 22, (2020), 694-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.09.147
Dahale, P., Nagarnaik, P. and Gajbhiye, A., "Engineering behavior of remolded expansive soil with lime and flyash", Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 4, No. 9, (2017), 10581-10585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.423
Krishnan, K.D., Ravichandran, P., Janani, V., Annadurai, R. and Gunturi, M., "Effect of phosphogypsum and fly ash stabilisation on the strength and microstructure of clay", Indian Concrete Journal, Vol. 89, No. 7, (2015), 81-86.
Janani, V. and Pandey, S., "Study on soil strength improvement using dolochar as sustainable material", Journal of Green Engineering, Vol. 10, (2020), 2420-2431.
Manimaran, A., Seenu, S. and Ravichandran, P., "Stimulation behaviour study on clay treated with ground granulated blast slag and groundnutshell ash", International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, Vol. 32, No. 5, (2019), 673-678. doi: 10.5829/ije.2019.32.05b.08.
Sujatha, E.R., Dharini, K. and Bharathi, V., "Influence of groundnut shell ash on strength and durability properties of clay", Geomechanics and Geoengineering, Vol. 11, No. 1, (2016), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2015.1006265
Divya, S., Anusuya, K., Priya, P., Sobana, V. and Manjula, K., "Stabilization of black cotton soil using groundnut shell ash", International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, Vol. 6, No. 3, (2021). https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-6
Chittaranjan, M., Vijay, M. and Keerthi, D., "Agricultural wastes as soil stabilizers", International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 06, (2011), 50-51.
Imran, M. and Khan, A.A., "Characterization of agricultural waste sugarcane bagasse ash at 1100 c with various hours", Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 5, No. 2, (2018), 3346-3352. doi. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.577
Jamsawang, P., Poorahong, H., Yoobanpot, N., Songpiriyakij, S. and Jongpradist, P., "Improvement of soft clay with cement and bagasse ash waste", Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 154, (2017), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.188
Soil, A.C.D.-o. and Rock, "Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (unified soil classification system) 1, ASTM international, (2017).
Marandi, S.M., Ghasemi, M. and Shahiri, J., "Effects of partial substitution of styrene-butadiene-styrene with granulated blast-furnace slag on the strength properties of porous asphalt", International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics, Vol. 30, No. 1, (2017), 40-47. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ije.2017.30.01a.06.
Zha, F., Liu, S., Du, Y. and Cui, K., "Behavior of expansive soils stabilized with fly ash", Natural Hazards, Vol. 47, No. 3, (2008), 509-523. doi: 10.1007/s11069-008-9236-4.
Basha, E., Hashim, R., Mahmud, H. and Muntohar, A., "Stabilization of residual soil with rice husk ash and cement", Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 19, No. 6, (2005), 448-453. doi. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.08.001
Sharma, A.K. and Sivapullaiah, P., "Ground granulated blast furnace slag amended fly ash as an expansive soil stabilizer", Soils and Foundations, Vol. 56, No. 2, (2016), 205-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2016.02.004
Yong, R.N. and Ouhadi, V.R., "Experimental study on instability of bases on natural and lime/cement-stabilized clayey soils", Applied Clay Science, Vol. 35, No. 3-4, (2007), 238-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2006.08.009
Janani, V., & Ravichandran, P. T. (2023). Recent Trends in Stabilization of Expansive Soil using Calcined Clay. International Journal of Engineering, 36(1), 163-170. doi: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.01a.18
MLA
V. Janani; P. T. Ravichandran. "Recent Trends in Stabilization of Expansive Soil using Calcined Clay". International Journal of Engineering, 36, 1, 2023, 163-170. doi: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.01a.18
HARVARD
Janani, V., Ravichandran, P. T. (2023). 'Recent Trends in Stabilization of Expansive Soil using Calcined Clay', International Journal of Engineering, 36(1), pp. 163-170. doi: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.01a.18
VANCOUVER
Janani, V., Ravichandran, P. T. Recent Trends in Stabilization of Expansive Soil using Calcined Clay. International Journal of Engineering, 2023; 36(1): 163-170. doi: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.01a.18