Influence of Multiple Repairs on the Quality of Duplex Welded Joints

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Laboratory of Composites Structures and Innovative Materials (LCSIM), Mechanical Engineering Faculty, USTO-MB Oran, El- M’Naouar, Oran, Algeria

2 Department of Technology, University Centre of Naama, Naama, Algeria

3 Mining and Metallurgy Department, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, USTO-MB Oran, El M’naouar, Oran, Algeria

4 Piping and Welding Engineer, Sonatrach Division of Production (SH-DP) Ohanet, El M’naouar, Oran, Algeria

Abstract

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) find increasing use as a substitution to austenitic stainless steels in oil, gas and petrochemical industries, particularly in aggressive environments. Duplex stainless steels with appropriate controlled ferrite-austenite balance combine the attractive properties of excellent strength, general corrosion performance and adequate weldability. All the welding joints subjected to the regulation must be controlled before commissioning the pipeline and even before hydrostatic tests; all not acceptable defects detected with non-destructive testing (NDT) control methods must be eliminated. In some cases, several successive repairs are often preferred to part replacement in the pipeline due to lack of experience of the welder performing the repairs or lack of expertise of the controller ensuring the application of the welding procedure. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of repairs on the same welding joint on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the heat-affected zone in duplex stainless steel with 22% chromium welding joints. For this purpose, a cylindrical specimen is prepared, on which the various repairs are carried out. Then, an NDT control and the main mechanical and micrographic tests are conducted. The results obtained after four repairs revealed that the multiple repairs made to the same joint did not affect the quality of the welding joints.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Liou, H.-Y., Hsieh, R.-I., and Tsai, W.-T. “Microstructure and stress corrosion cracking in simulated heat-affected zones of duplex stainless steels.” Corrosion Science, Vol. 44, No. 12, (2002), 2841–2856. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(02)00068-9
  2. Wang, H.-S. “Effect of Welding Variables on Cooling Rate and Pitting Corrosion Resistance in Super Duplex Stainless Weldments.” Materials Transactions, Vol. 46, No. 3, (2005), 593–601. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.46.593
  3. Ravindranath, K., and Malhotra, S. N. “The influence of aging on the intergranular corrosion of 22 chromium-5 nickel duplex stainless steel.” Corrosion Science, Vol. 37, No. 1, (1995), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(94)00120-U
  4. Gideon, B., Ward, L., and Biddle, G. “Duplex Stainless Steel Welds and their Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion.” Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, Vol. 07, No. 03, (2008), 247–263. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2008.73019
  5. Muthupandi, V., Bala Srinivasan, P., Seshadri, S. K., and Sundaresan, S. “Effect of weld metal chemistry and heat input on the structure and properties of duplex stainless steel welds.” Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 358, No. 1–2, (2003), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00077-7
  6. Paulraj, P., and Garg, R. “Effect of intermetallic phases on corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel and super-duplex stainless steel.” Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, Vol. 9, (2015), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/59090
  7. Chan, K., and Tjong, S. “Effect of Secondary Phase Precipitation on the Corrosion Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steels.” Materials, Vol. 7, No. 7, (2014), 5268–5304. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7075268
  8. Yang, J., Wang, Q., Wei, Z., and Guan, K. “Weld failure analysis of 2205 duplex stainless steel nozzle.” Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 2, No. 2, (2014), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csefa.2014.05.001
  9. Ibrahim, O. H., Ibrahim, I. S., and Khalifa, T. A. F. “Effect of Aging on the Toughness of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Weldments.” Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 26, No. 9, (2010), 810–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1005-0302(10)60129-6
  10. Ibrahim, O. H., Ibrahim, I. S., and Khalifa, T. A. F. “Impact behavior of different stainless steel weldments at low temperatures.” Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 17, No. 5, (2010), 1069–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2009.12.006
  11. Pankaj, P., Tiwari, A., Biswas, P., Rao, A. G., and Pal, S. “Experimental studies on controlling of process parameters in dissimilar friction stir welding of DH36 shipbuilding steel–AISI 1008 steel.” Welding in the World, Vol. 64, No. 6, (2020), 963–986. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-00886-3
  12. Prater, T. “Friction Stir Welding of Metal Matrix Composites for use in aerospace structures.” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 93, , (2014), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.07.023
  13. Nowacki, J., and Zając, P. “Mechanical properties of duplex steel welded joints in large-size constructions.” Welding International, Vol. 26, No. 6, (2012), 424–435. https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2011.581345
  14. Tahchieva, A., Llorca-Isern, N., and Cabrera, J.-M. “Duplex and Superduplex Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Property Evolution by Surface Modification Processes.” Metals, Vol. 9, No. 3, (2019), 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9030347
  15. Santos, T. F. de A., López, E. A. T., Fonseca, E. B. da, and Ramirez, A. J. “Friction stir welding of duplex and superduplex stainless steels and some aspects of microstructural characterization and mechanical performance.” Materials Research, Vol. 19, No. 1, (2016), 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2015-0319
  16. Miodownik, A. P., and Saunders, N. “Modelling of materials properties in duplex stainless steels.” Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 18, No. 8, (2002), 861–868. https://doi.org/10.1179/026708302225004694
  17. Paulraj, P., and Garg, R. “Effect of welding parameters on mechanical properties of GTAW of UNS S31803 and UNS S32750 weldments.” Manufacturing Review, Vol. 2, , (2015), 29. https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2015032
  18. Contreras, A., Hernández, S., Galvan, R., and Vega, O. “The Influence of Multiple Welding Repairs of Pipelines in Residual Stress Assessment Related to Stress Corrosion Cracking.” British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, Vol. 6, No. 6, (2015), 621–634. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/14931
  19. Mauliddin, D. S., and Ginta, T. L. “The effect of repeated welding cycles on the properties of 25Cr super duplex stainless steel by automatic orbital TIG welding.” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 14, (2016), 8754–8758.
  20. Pourasad, Y., and Afkar, A. “A study on the modified algorithm for image processing in Tracking Seam Welding.” International Journal of Engineering, TransactionB: Applications, Vol. 34, No. 8, (2021), 1913–1922. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2021.34.08b.13
  21. Salehpour, F., Nematifard, V., Maram, G., and Afkar, A. “Experimental Investigation of TIG Welding Input Parameters Effects on Mechanical Characteristics.” International Journal of Engineering, TransactionB: Applications, Vol. 34, No. 2, (2021), 564–571. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2021.34.02b.30
  22. Hoseinzadeh, S., and Heyns, P. S. “Thermo-structural fatigue and lifetime analysis of a heat exchanger as a feedwater heater in power plant.” Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 113, (2020), 104548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104548
  23. Ahmadpar, M., Hoseinzadeh, S., Nakhaei, F., and Memon, S. “Experimental Modal Analysis of Distinguishing Microstructural Variations in Carbon Steel SA516 by Applied Heat Treatments, Natural Frequencies, and Damping Coefficients.” Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 30, No. 12, (2021), 9256–9261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06125-0
  24. Ramezani, A. H., Hoseinzadeh, S., Ebrahiminejad, Z., Hantehzadeh, M. R., and Shafiee, M. “The study of mechanical and statistical properties of nitrogen ion-implanted Tantalum bulk.” Optik, Vol. 225, (2021), 165628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165628
  25. Wang, S., Ma, Q., and Li, Y. “Characterization of microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of dissimilar welded joint between 2205 duplex stainless steel and 16MnR.” Materials & Design, Vol. 32, No. 2, (2011), 831–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.07.012