Enhancement of Stiffness in GFRP Beams by Glass Reinforcement

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Architettura (DICEA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, via B. Bianche, Ancona, Italy

Abstract

Glass is a stiff material with brittle structural behaviour. Hence, it is usually a material mostly decorative or simply structurally supported, and it is hardly ever a load-bearing element within a structure. Although in recent years there have been several experiments in its use in civil engineering, to date little data has been collected or design methodologies disseminated. The present study proposes the innovative concept of considering glass as a structural material, cooperating within a structural system thanks to the adhesive joining technique. In detail, the case of a GFRP structural beam element subjected to bending is herein considered. The evaluation of the stiffness of the mentioned element is compared with that of the same element reinforced with glass plates of different thicknesses. The results show the possibility to increase the global stiffness of the structural element. These outcomes are validated by FEM analysis, which showed excellent agreement with the analytical ones. The effectiveness of the reinforced system, thanks to the considerable stiffness characteristics, allows both the use of glass and the respect of the requirements related to the displacements of the structural elements in their service life.

Keywords

References

1.     Quini, J.G. and Marinucci, G., "Polyurethane structural adhesives applied in automotive composite joints", Materials Research,  Vol. 15, No. 3, (2012), 434-439. doi: 10.1590/S1516-14392012005000042
2.     Fecht, S., Vallée, T., Tannert, T. and Fricke, H., "Adhesively bonded hardwood joints under room temperature and elevated temperatures", The Journal of Adhesion,  Vol. 90, No. 5-6, (2014), 401-419. doi: 10.1080/00218464.2013.836968
3.     Godat, A., Légeron, F., Gagné, V. and Marmion, B., "Use of frp pultruded members for electricity transmission towers", Composite Structures,  Vol. 105, (2013), 408-421. doi: 10.1016/J.COMPSTRUCT.2013.05.025
4.     Appelfeld, D., Hansen, C.S. and Svendsen, S., "Development of a slim window frame made of glass fibre reinforced polyester", Energy and Buildings,  Vol. 42, No. 10, (2010), 1918-1925. . doi: 10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2010.05.028
5.     Rodacki, K., Tekieli, M. and Furtak, K., "Contactless optical measurement methods for glass beams and composite timber-glass i-beams", Measurement,  Vol. 134, (2019), 662-672. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2018.09.061
6.     Dorn, M., Enquist, B. and Serrano, E., "Load bearing timber glass composites—a woodwisdom—net project for innovative building system", in COST Action TU0905 Mid-term Conference on Structural Glass, CRC Press. (2013), 269. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14563-38
7.     Unuk, Ž., Ivanič, A., Leskovar, V.Ž., Premrov, M. and Lubej, S., "Evaluation of a structural epoxy adhesive for timber-glass bonds under shear loading and different environmental conditions", International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,  Vol. 95, (2019), 102425. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.102425
8.     Machalická, K., Vokáč, M. and Eliášová, M., "Influence of artificial aging on structural adhesive connections for façade applications", International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,  Vol. 83, (2018), 168-177. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.02.022
9.     Bedon, C. and Louter, C., "Structural glass beams with embedded gfrp, cfrp or steel reinforcement rods: Comparative experimental,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
analytical and numerical investigations", Journal of Building Engineering,  Vol. 22, (2019), 227-241. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2018.12.008
10.   Marchione, F., "Investigation of vibration modes of double-lap adhesive joints: Effect of slot", International Journal of Engineering,  Vol. 33, No. 10, (2020), 1917-1923. doi: 10.5829/ije.2020.33.10a.10
11.   Marchione, F., "Stress distribution in double-lap adhesive joints: Effect of adherend reinforcement layer", International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,  Vol. 105, (2021), 102780. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2020.102780
12.   Machalická, K. and Eliášová, M., "Adhesive joints in glass structures: Effects of various materials in the connection, thickness of the adhesive layer, and ageing", International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,  Vol. 72, (2017), 10-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.09.007
13.   Marchione, F. and Munafò, P., "Experimental strength evaluation of glass/aluminum double-lap adhesive joints", Journal of Building Engineering,  Vol. 30, (2020), 101284. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101284
14.   Parate, B.A., "Propellant actuated device for parachute deployment during seat ejection for an aircraft application", HighTech and Innovation Journal,  Vol. 1, No. 3, (2020), 112-120. . doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2020-01-03-03
15.   Ntintakis, I., Stavroulakis, G.E. and Plakia, N., "Topology optimization by the use of 3d printing technology in the product design process", HighTech and Innovation Journal,  Vol. 1, No. 4, (2020), 161-171. doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2020-01-04-03
16.   Ha, K., "Innovative blade trailing edge flap design concept using flexible torsion bar and worm drive", HighTech and Innovation Journal,  Vol. 1, No. 3, (2020), 101-106. doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2020-01-03-01
17.   Rastegarian, S. and Sharifi, A., "An investigation on the correlation of inter-story drift and performance objectives in conventional rc frames", Emerging Science Journal,  Vol. 2, No. 3, (2018), 140-147. doi: 10.28991/esj-2018-01137
18.   Silvestru, V.A., Kolany, G., Freytag, B., Schneider, J. and Englhardt, O., "Adhesively bonded glass-metal façade elements with composite structural behaviour under in-plane and out-of-plane loading", Engineering Structures,  Vol. 200, (2019), 109692. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109692
19.   Haldimann, M., Luible, A. and Overend, M., "Structural use of glass, Iabse,  Vol. 10,  (2008).
20.   Richter, C., Abeln, B., Geßler, A. and Feldmann, M., "Structural steel–glass facade panels with multi-side bonding–nonlinear stress–strain behaviour under complex loading situations", International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,  Vol. 55, No., (2014), 18-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2014.07.004
21.   Alderucci, T., Terlizzi, V., Urso, S., Borsellino, C. and Munafò, P., "Experimental study of the adhesive glass-steel joint behavior in a tensegrity floor", International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,  Vol. 85, (2018), 293-302. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.04.017
International Journal of Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 3
TRANSACTIONS C: Aspects
March 2021
Pages 615-620

Files

Cited by

Share

How to cite

Statistics