Evaluation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Made of Recycled Materials

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq

2 Department of Materials Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract

In the last few decades, the geopolymer concrete presented an evolution in civil engineering field. The current study aims to produce a low cost steel fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete with an ecceptable tensile properties. The experimental program aims to investigate the tensile behaviour of geopolymer concrete reinforced with steel fiber and made of recycled materials. The primary ingredients of the steel fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete in this study were waste materials. The recycled steel fiber was extracted from tires and chopped into tiny fibers with an average length of 20 mm and an average diameter of 0.7 mm. The geopolymer concrete in this study consisted of coarse aggregate, which was crushed recycled concrete. Also, the fine aggregate was crushed waste glass. In addition to the compressive strength, tensile test procedures such as splitting tensile strength, double punch tensile strength, and flexural tensile strength were all investigated in this study. Recycled steel fiber was compared to a new hooked-end steel fiber and hybrid steel fiber (50% new + 50% recycled) with three different volumetric percentages of steel fiber (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%). The new steel fiber geopolymer concrete mix with 1.5% of steel fiber showed the highest test results among other mixes, as the tensile strength was increased by nearly 50% in the case of the double punch test. This conduct could be explained as the new steel fiber having a uniform, straight shape with hooked ends, increasing the anchorage between the fly ash binder and the steel fiber. In addition, the recycled steel fiber was contained some rubber crumbs that could be another reason that negatively affected the tensile properties of the geopolymer concrete.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Habert G., D’Espinose De Lacaillerie J.B. and Roussel N., “An environmental evaluation of geopolymer based concrete production: reviewing current research trends”, Journal of Clean Production, Vol. 19, (2011), 1229-1238, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.03.012
  2. Davidovits, J., "High-alkali cements for 21st century concretes", ACI Symposium Publication, Vol. 144, No. 1, (1994), 383-398. doi: 10.14359/4523.
  3. Noori, A.S., Oweed, K.M., Raouf, R.M. and Abdulrehman, M.A., "The relation between destructive and non-destructive tests of geopolymer concrete", Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 42, (2021), 2125-2133. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.296.
  4. Al-Sultani, S., Al-Hydary, I. and Al-dujaili, M., "Taguchi-grey relational analysis for optimizing the compressive strength and porosity of metakaolin-based geopolymer", International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, Vol. 34, No. 11, (2021), 2525-2533. doi: 10.5829/IJE.2021.34.11B.15.
  5. Raj, S., Arulraj, P., Anand, N., Balamurali, K. and Gokul, G., "Influence of various design parameters on compressive strength of geopolymer concrete: A parametric study by taguchi method", International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics, Vol. 34, No. 10, (2021), 2351-2359. doi: 10.5829/IJE.2021.34.10A.16.
  6. Bernal, S., De Gutierrez, R., Delvasto, S. and Rodriguez, E., "Performance of an alkali-activated slag concrete reinforced with steel fibers", Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 24, No. 2, (2010), 208-214. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.027.
  7. Zain, M.F.M., Mahmud, H.B., Ilham, A. and Faizal, M., "Prediction of splitting tensile strength of high-performance concrete", Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 32, No. 8, (2002), 1251-1258. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00768-8.
  8. " Concrete, A.I.C.C.o. and Aggregates, C., "Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens1, ASTM international, (2017).
  9. Standard, A., "Method 10: Determination of indirect tensile strength of concrete cylinders (brazil ‘or splitting test)", Methods of Testing Concrete, AS, (2000).
  10. Behnood, A., Verian, K.P. and Gharehveran, M.M., "Evaluation of the splitting tensile strength in plain and steel fiber-reinforced concrete based on the compressive strength", Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 98, No. 1, (2015), 519-529. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.124.
  11. Kmiecik P. and Kaminski M. “Modelling of reinforced concrete structures and composite structures with concrete strength degradation taken into consideration”, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 3, 623-636 (2011), doi: 10.1016/S1644-9665(12)60105-8.
  12. Molins, C., Aguado, A. and Saludes, S., "Double punch test to control the tensile properties of frc (barcelona test)", Materials and Structures, Vol. 42, No. 4, (2009), 415-425. doi: 10.1617/s11527-008-9391-9.
  13. Abrishambaf, A., Barros, J.A. and Cunha, V.M., "Tensile stress–crack width law for steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete obtained from indirect (splitting) tensile tests", Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 57, (2015), 153-165. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.12.010
  14. Olesen, J.F., Østergaard, L. and Stang, H., "Nonlinear fracture mechanics and plasticity of the split cylinder test", Materials and Structures, Vol. 39, No. 4, (2006), 421-432. doi: 10.1617/s11527-005-9018-3.
  15. Goaiz Hussam, A., Yu, T. and Hadi Muhammad, N.S., "Quality evaluation tests for tensile strength of reactive powder concrete", Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 5, (2018), 1-9. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002257
  16. Goaiz, H.A., Farhan, N.A., Sheikh, M.N., Yu, T. and Hadi, M.N., "Experimental evaluation of tensile strength test methods for steel fibre-reinforced concrete", Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol. 71, No. 8, (2019), 385-394. doi: 10.1680/jmacr.17.00516
  17. Chen, W.F. and Colgreve, T.A., "Double punch test for tensile strength of concrete", ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 67, No. 2, (1970), 993-1005.
  18. Carmona Malatesta, S., Aguado de Cea, A. and Molins Borrell, C., "Generalization of the barcelona test for the toughness control of frc", Materials and Structures, Vol. 45, No. 7, (2012), 1053-1069. doi: 10.1617/s11527-011-9816-8.
  19. Chen, W.F. and Yuan, R.L., "Tensile strength of concrete: Double-punch test", Journal of the Structural Division, Vol. 106, No. 8, (1980), 1673-1693. doi: 10.1061/JSDEAG.0005493.
  20. Marti, P., "Size effect in double-punch tests on concrete cylinders", ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 86, No. 6, (1989), 597-601. doi: 10.14359/2261.
  21. Kim, J., Kim, D.J., Park, S.H. and Zi, G., "Investigating the flexural resistance of fiber reinforced cementitious composites under biaxial condition", Composite Structures, Vol. 122, (2015), 198-208. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.11.055.
  22. Dawood E.T., Ahmed A.A. and Hassan A.M., "Production of geoploymer mortar reinforced with sustainable fibers", Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Vol. 29, No.1, (2020), 114-23. doi: 10.1515/jmbm-2020-0012.
  23. Nagajothi S. and Elavenil S., "Parametric studies on the workability and compressive strength properties of geopolymer concrete", Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Vol. 27, (2018), 3-4. doi: 10.1515/jmbm-2018-0019.
  24. Zhang P., Wang J., Li Q., Wan J. and Ling Y., "Mechanical and fracture properties of steel fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete", Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, Vol. 28, No. 1, (2021), 299-313. doi: 0.1515/secm-2021-0030.
  25. No, I.S., "For aggregates of natural resources used for concrete and construction", Baghdad, Iraq, (1984).
  26. Standard, B., "Testing hardened concrete", Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, BS EN, (2009), 12390-12393.
  27. ASTM, C., "Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (using simple beam with third-point loading)", in American society for testing and materials. Vol. 100, (2010), 19428-12959.
  28. "American Concrete Institute. “State of the art report on high-strength concrete.” ACI 363R-92, Farmington Hills, MI (1992).
  29. MC90, C., "Comite euro-international du beton-federation international de la pre-contrainte (ceb-fip), model code 90 for concrete structures", ed: Thomas Telford, London, (1993).
International Journal of Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 10
TRANSACTIONS A: Basics
October 2022
Pages 2018-2026

Files

Cited by

Share

How to cite

Statistics