Relationship Between Compressive Strength and Non-destructive Tests of Colored Geopolymer Concrete Based on Fly Ash

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract

In this work, some physical and mechanical properties of colored geopolymer concrete based on fly ash were studied. Geopolymer concrete was colored using two types of dyes (chromium oxide which gives green color and iron oxide hydroxide which gives yellow color). The geopolymer concrete samples were subjected to controlled curing conditions at 30°C. At the age of 28 days, all samples were tested under compressive loading and non-destructive tests (NDTs) were also performed such as ultrasonic pulse velocity, Schmidt hammer, dynamic elastic modulus, and dynamic shear modulus. The test results were used to obtain a mathematical relationship between the compressive strength on the one side and the NDTs tests on the other side. This relaionship can be used to estimate the compressive strength of the colored geopolymer concrete by the means of NDTs. In addition, the results proved that the percentage of adding 2% of the dye (for the green color) and 1% of the dye (for the yellow color) is the optimum percentage of the addition.

Keywords


  1. Wallah, S. and Rangan, B.V., "Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete: Long-term property", Curtin University of Technology, Curtin University of Technology, (2006), doi: 10.1201/9781420007657-31.
  2. Davidovits, J., "Geopolymers: Ceramic-like inorganic polymers", Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology,  Vol. 8, No. 3, (2017), 335-350. doi: 10.4416/JCST2017-00038.
  3. Rangan, B.V., "Low-calcium, fly-ash-based geopolymer concrete, concrete construction engineering handbook, Taylor and Frances, (2010), doi: 10.1201/9781420007657-31.
  4. Al-Sultani, S.A.J., Al-Hydary, I.A.D. and Al-dujaili, M.A.A., "Taguchi- grey relational analysis for optimizing the compressive strength and porosity of metakaolin-based geopolymer", International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, Vol. 34, No. 11, (2021), 2525-2533 doi: 10.5829/ije.2021.34.11b.15.
  5. Raj, S.R., Arulraj, P.G., Anand, N., Balamurali, K. and Gokul, G., "Influence of various design parameters on compressive strength of geopolymer concrete: A parametric study by taguchi method", International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics, Vol. 34, No. 10, (2021), 2351-2359 doi: 10.5829/ije.2021.34.10a.16.
  6. Kumar Das, S., "Parametric study of flyash based geopolymer concrete", International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, (2018), 196-198. doi: 10.14419/ijet.v7i2.31.13439.
  7. Lavanya, G. and Jegan, J., "Durability study on high calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete", Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 2015, (2015),  doi: 10.1155/2015/731056.
  8. Yahya, Z., Abdullah, M., Ramli, N.M., Burduhos-Nergis, D. and Abd Razak, R., "Influence of kaolin in fly ash based geopolymer concrete: Destructive and non-destructive testing", in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 374, No. 1, (2018), 012068, IOP Publishing, doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/374/1/012068.
  9. Noori, A.S., Oweed, K.M., Raouf, R.M. and Abdulrehman, M.A., "The relation between destructive and non-destructive tests of geopolymer concrete", Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 42, (2021), 2125-2133, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.296.
  10. Craeye, B., Kondo, E. and Stoop, J., "Reduced scaling of colored concrete pavements by means of super absorbing polymers", in IABSE Spring Conference, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, (2013), 354-355, doi: 10.2749/222137813806501623.
  11. Huang, J.-M., Yang, W.-D., Wang, H.-Y. and Kao, T.-C., "Engineering properties of colorful mortar with inorganic color paste", Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 14, (2021), 6297, doi: 10.3390/app11146297.
  12. EL-Awadly, N.Z., Sharobim, K. and Hussein, N., "Advantage and disadvantage of colored concrete in structural engineering", Port-Said Engineering Research Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1, (2015), 1-10, doi: 10.21608/pserj.2015.36715.
  13. Nguyen, D.T. and Phan, V.T.A., "Engineering properties of soil stabilized with cement and fly ash for sustainable road construction", International Journal of Engineering, Transactions C: Aspects, Vol. 34, No. 12, (2021), 2665-2671, doi: 10.5829/ije.2021.34.12c.12.
  14. "ASTM c618-12a, standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete", American Society for Testing and Materials, (2012), doi: 10.1520/c0618-12a.
  15. Hardjito, D. and Rangan, B.V., "Development and properties of low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete", Research Report GC 1, Faculty of EngineeringCurtin University of TechnologyPerth, Australia (2005), doi: 10.1201/9781420007657-31.
  16. "ASTM c33/c33m-11a: "Standard specification for concrete aggregates", American Society for Testing and Materials, (2011),  doi: 10.1520/c0033_c0033m-13.
  17. "ASTM c494 “standard specification for chemical admixtures for concrete”", American Society for Testing and Material Standards, (2004), doi: 10.1520/c0494_c0494m-12.
  18. Lloyd, N. and Rangan, V., "Geopolymer concrete with fly ash", in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on sustainable construction Materials and Technologies, UWM Center for By-Products Utilization. (2010), 1493-1504 doi: 10.1201/9781420007657-31.
  19. Sanni, S.H. and Khadiranaikar, R., "Performance of alkaline solutions on grades of geopolymer concrete", International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 11, (2013), 366-371, doi: 10.15623/ijret.2013.0213069.
  20. Patil, A.A., Chore, H. and Dode, P., "Effect of curing condition on strength of geopolymer concrete", Advances in Concrete Construction, Vol. 2, No. 1, (2014), doi: 10.12989/acc.2014.2.1.029.
  21. "ASTM C39, standard test method for"compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens", American Society for Testing and Material Standards, (2014), doi: 10.1520/c0039_c0039m-09a.
  22. "ASTM C805"test for rebound number of hardened concrete"", American Society for Testing and Material Standards, (1993), doi: 10.1520/c0805_c0805m-18.
  23. "ASTM C597 "standard test method for pulse velocity through concrete"", American Society for Testing and Materials, (2003), doi: 10.1520/c0597-97.
  24. Lee, B.J., Kee, S.-H., Oh, T. and Kim, Y.-Y., "Evaluating the dynamic elastic modulus of concrete using shear-wave velocity measurements", Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 2017, (2017), 1651753 doi: 10.1155/2017/1651753.
  25. Mohammed Hameed, M. and Mohammed Ali, A., "Using of metakaolin to produce colored geopolymer concrete", Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2114, No. 1, (2021), 012018 doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2114/1/012018.