In the present paper, an innovative fire-earthquake resistant joint called high-performance tube (HP-T) connection is presented and numerically validated. This HP-T connection improves the axial and rotational ductility as well as prevents brittle failure. Two series of models were simulated in ABAQUS software. In the first set of models, which was designed for heat simulation, a sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis was performed to investigate the effects of different parameters such as web and flange tube thickness and the ratio of the applied load. To simulate the fire damage, two probable scenarios were considered: bottom flange tube damage and beam web damage when exposed to combined initial loading and fire. In the second set of models for seismic simulation, the failure mode, hysteretic curves, and strain distribution were analyzed. According to the results, HP-T robust connection not only provides appropriate ductility enhancement in force-variable fire conditions but also withstands at least 8% inter-story drift without considerable strength reduction.
Shyam-Sunder, S., Gann, R.G., Grosshandler, W.L., Lew, H.S., Bukowski, R.W., Sadek, F., Gayle, F.W., Gross, J.L., McAllister, T.P. and Averill, J.D., "Federal building and fire safety investigation of the world trade center disaster: Final report of the national construction safety team on the collapses of the world trade center towers (nist ncstar 1)", (2005).
Bailey, C., Newman, G. and Robinson, J., "Fire safe design: A new approach to multi-storey steel-framed buildings, Steel Construction Institute, (2006).
Ahmadi, M., Aghakouchak, A., Mirghaderi, R., Tahouni, S., Garivani, S., Shahmari, A. and Epackachi, S., "Collapse of the 16-story plasco building in tehran due to fire", Fire Technology, Vol. 56, No. 2, (2020), 769-799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-019-00903-y
Kruppa, J., "Resistance au feu des assemblages par boulons haute resistance", CTICM, Puteaux, (1976).
Lawson, R., "Behaviour of steel beam-to-column connections in fire", Structural Engineer, Vol. 68, (1990), 263-271.
Leston-Jones, L.C., "The influence of semi-rigid connections on the performance of steel framed structures in fire", University of Sheffield, (1997),
Al-Jabri, K.S., "The behaviour of steel and composite beam-to-column connections in fire", University of Sheffield, (1999),
Sarraj, M., "The behaviour of steel fin plate connections in fire", University of Sheffield, (2007),
Hu, Y., Burgess, I., Davison, J. and Plank, R., "Modelling of flexible end plate connections in fire using cohesive elements", in Fifth International Conference of Structures in Fire, Singapore. (2008).
Yu, H., Burgess, I., Davison, J. and Plank, R., "Tying capacity of web cleat connections in fire, part 2: Development of component-based model", Engineering Structures, Vol. 31, No. 3, (2009), 697-708. http:// doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.11.006
Han, L.-H., Wang, W.-H. and Yu, H.-X., "Analytical behaviour of rc beam to cfst column frames subjected to fire", Engineering Structures, Vol. 36, (2012), 394-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.12.030
Ding, J. and Wang, Y., "Experimental study of structural fire behaviour of steel beam to concrete filled tubular column assemblies with different types of joints", Engineering Structures, Vol. 29, No. 12, (2007), 3485-3502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.08.018
Elsawaf, S., Wang, Y. and Mandal, P., "Numerical modelling of restrained structural subassemblies of steel beam and cft columns connected using reverse channels in fire", Engineering Structures, Vol. 33, No. 4, (2011), 1217-1231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.12.043
Shahidi, F. and NATEGHI, A.F., "Non-linear behavior of new (fsfn) moment resisting connections in comparison to the existing kbb connections in steel frames", International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics, Vol. 26, No. 10, (2013). doi: 10.5829/idosi.ije.2013.26.10a.03.
SAC, J., "State of the art report on connection performance report no fema-355d", Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Washington, (2000).
Chen, S.-J. and Chao, Y., "Effect of composite action on seismic performance of steel moment connections with reduced beam sections", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 57, No. 4, (2001), 417-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(00)00022-5
Jones, S.L., Fry, G.T. and Engelhardt, M.D., "Experimental evaluation of cyclically loaded reduced beam section moment connections", Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 128, No. 4, (2002), 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:4(441)
Zhang, X., Ricles, J.M., Lu, L.-W. and Fisher, J.W., "Development of seismic guidelines for deep-column steel moment connections", Development, Vol. 6, (2004), 1-2004.
Lee, C.-H., Jeon, S.-W., Kim, J.-H. and Uang, C.-M., "Effects of panel zone strength and beam web connection method on seismic performance of reduced beam section steel moment connections", Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 12, (2005), 1854-1865. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:12(1854)
Zhang, X. and Ricles, J.M., "Seismic behavior of reduced beam section moment connections to deep columns", Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 132, No. 3, (2006), 358-367. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:3(358)
Han, S.-W., Moon, K.-H. and Stojadinovic, B., "Design equations for moment strength of rbs-b connections", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 65, No. 5, (2009), 1087-1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.01.003
Mayes, R.L. and Naeim, F., "The seismic design handbook 2nd edition ch. 14 design of structures with seismic isolation", Kluwer Academic Publishers, (2001).
Rao, D.P. and Kumar, S.S., "Rhs beam-to-column connection with web opening—parametric study and design guidelines", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 62, No. 8, (2006), 747-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.11.015
Yang, Q., Li, B. and Yang, N., "Aseismic behaviors of steel moment resisting frames with opening in beam web", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 65, No. 6, (2009), 1323-1336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.01.007
Wilkinson, S., Hurdman, G. and Crowther, A., "A moment resisting connection for earthquake resistant structures", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 62, No. 3, (2006), 295-302. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.07.011.
Mirghaderi, S.R., Torabian, S. and Imanpour, A., "Seismic performance of the accordion-web rbs connection", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 66, No. 2, (2010), 277-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.09.007
Morrison, M., Schweizer, D. and Hassan, T., "An innovative seismic performance enhancement technique for steel building moment resisting connections", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 109, (2015), 34-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.02.010
Saleh, A., Mirghaderi, S.R. and Zahrai, S.M., "Cyclic testing of tubular web rbs connections in deep beams", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 117, (2016), 214-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.10.020
Zahrai, S.M., Mirghaderi, S.R. and Saleh, A., "Tubular web reduced beam section (tw-rbs) connection, a numerical and experimental study and result comparison", Steel and Composite Structures, Vol. 23, No. 5, (2017), 571-583. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.23.5.571
Song, T.-Y. and Han, L.-H., "Post-fire behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular column to axially and rotationally restrained steel beam joint", Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 69, (2014), 147-163.
Standardization, I.O.F., Iso 834: Fire-resistance tests: Elements of building construction-part 1.1: General requirements for fire resistance testing. 1999, ISO834-1: 1999, Geneva.
Liu, Y., Huang, S. and Burgess, I., "Ductile connections to improve structural robustness in fire", in Proceedings of the 6th Applications of Structural Fire Engineering Conference (ASFE'19), Sheffield., (2019).
Liu, Y., Huang, S.-S. and Burgess, I., "Performance of a novel ductile connection in steel-framed structures under fire conditions", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 169, (2020), 106034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106034
Dai, X., Wang, Y. and Bailey, C., "Numerical modelling of structural fire behaviour of restrained steel beam–column assemblies using typical joint types", Engineering Structures, Vol. 32, No. 8, (2010), 2337-2351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.04.009
Code, P., "Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures-part 1-2: General rules-structural fire design", London: European Committee for Standardisation, (2007).
Wald, F., Da Silva, L.S., Moore, D., Lennon, T., Chladna, M., Santiago, A., Beneš, M. and Borges, L., "Experimental behaviour of a steel structure under natural fire", Fire safety Journal, Vol. 41, No. 7, (2006), 509-522.
AISC, "Seismic provisions for structural steel buildings, AISC Chicago., (2010).
Khalilpourazar, Y., Lotfollahi Yaghin, M. A., & Maleki, A. (2022). Thermal Effects on the Bearing and Ductility of Tubular Reduced Beam Section Connection: Numerical Investigation. International Journal of Engineering, 35(10), 1895-1905. doi: 10.5829/ije.2022.35.10a.09
MLA
Y. Khalilpourazar; M. A. Lotfollahi Yaghin; A. Maleki. "Thermal Effects on the Bearing and Ductility of Tubular Reduced Beam Section Connection: Numerical Investigation". International Journal of Engineering, 35, 10, 2022, 1895-1905. doi: 10.5829/ije.2022.35.10a.09
HARVARD
Khalilpourazar, Y., Lotfollahi Yaghin, M. A., Maleki, A. (2022). 'Thermal Effects on the Bearing and Ductility of Tubular Reduced Beam Section Connection: Numerical Investigation', International Journal of Engineering, 35(10), pp. 1895-1905. doi: 10.5829/ije.2022.35.10a.09
VANCOUVER
Khalilpourazar, Y., Lotfollahi Yaghin, M. A., Maleki, A. Thermal Effects on the Bearing and Ductility of Tubular Reduced Beam Section Connection: Numerical Investigation. International Journal of Engineering, 2022; 35(10): 1895-1905. doi: 10.5829/ije.2022.35.10a.09