Influencing Parameters of Exterior Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joint Shear Strength: A Depth Review of Recent Advances

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Civil Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry, India

Abstract

Beam-Column Joints (BCJ) manage the structural behaviour and failure mechanisms under severe events, blast, earthquakes, and impacts. Thus, they are the critical constituents in a building. Disparate deficiencies, say beam weak on flexure, shear, and column weak in shear, are present in this joint assembly to account for limits in design rule. To analyze the Reinforced Concretes (RC) Beam-Column (BC) connections behaviour, systematic research was performed amid the past '20' years. The influence parameters in favor of the Shear Strength (SS) of external RC-BCJ are investigated here. (a) The Concretes Compressive Strength (CCS), (b) confinement joint by the beam, (c) anchorage length, (d) beam and column reinforcement, and (e) the columns axial load are the '5' main parameters intended for the joint SS, which is found through the outcome. The most considerable correlation to the joint SS was found with the CCS amongst the influence aspects. This study reveals the vital features of the RC-BCJ shear strength. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Tumengkol, H. A., Irmawaty, R., Parung, H., and Amiruddin, A. “Precast Concrete Column Beam Connection Using Dowels Due to Cyclic Load.” International Journal of Engineering, Transaction A: Basics, Vol. 35, No. 1, (2022), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2022.35.01A.09
  2. Hajsadeghi, M., Jalali, M., Chin, C., Zirakian, T., and Bahrebar, M. “Flexural Performance of Fibre Reinforced Concrete with an Optimised Spirally Deformed Steel Fibre.” International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 34, No. 6, (2021), 1390–1397. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2021.34.06c.01
  3. Zhang, H., Wu, J., Jin, F., and Zhang, C. “Effect of corroded stirrups on shear behavior of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer.” Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 161, (2019), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.074
  4. Zhang Ju, Yan Changwang, and Jia Jinqing. “Crack resistance capacity of SRUHSC column to RC beam joint under frequent earthquake load.” In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (2010), 1106–1109. https://doi.org/10.1109/MACE.2010.5536864
  5. Ghayeb, H. H., Razak, H. A., and Ramli Sulong, N. H. “Performance of dowel beam-to-column connections for precast concrete systems under seismic loads: A review.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 237, (2020), 117582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117582
  6. Alshaikh, I. M. H., Bakar, B. H. A., Alwesabi, E. A. H., and Akil, H. M. “Experimental investigation of the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete structures: An overview.” Structures, Vol. 25, (2020), 881–900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.03.018
  7. Liu, J., Xu, C., Ao, N., Feng, L., and Wu, Z. “Study Artificial Potential Field on the Clash Free Layout of Rebar in Reinforced Concrete Beam – Column Joints.” In 2018 15th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV) (2018), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICARCV.2018.8581082
  8. Trapani, F. Di, Malavisi, M., Marano, G. C., Greco, R., and Ferrotto, M. F. “Optimal design algorithm for seismic retrofitting of RC columns with steel jacketing technique.” Procedia Manufacturing, Vol. 44, (2020), 639–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.245
  9. Kibria, B. M. G., Ahmed, F., Ahsan, R., and Ansary, M. A. “Experimental investigation on behavior of reinforced concrete interior beam column joints retrofitted with fiber reinforced polymers.” Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 1, (2020), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-019-00204-3
  10. Saravanan, J., and Kumaran, G. “Joint shear strength of FRP reinforced concrete beam-column joints.” Open Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, (2011), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13531-011-0009-6
  11. Kamakshi, S., and Vinu, S. K. “Structural Behavior of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint.” Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 877, (2018), 254–263. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.877.254
  12. Snehal, A., and Dahake, H. B. “Analysis of Beam Column Joint Subjected to Seismic Lateral Loading.” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 5, (2016), 346–352. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/download/54559388/IRJET-V3I575.pdf
  13. Marimuthu, K., and Kothandaraman, S. “Reverse Cyclic Behaviour of RC Exterior Beam-column Joints with Coupler Anchors: An Experimental Study.” SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, (2019), 1–6. Retrieved from https://www.internationaljournalssrg.org/uploads/specialissuepdf/ICFTESH/2019/CE/IJCE-ICFTESH-P101.pdf
  14. Khan, M. I., Al-Osta, M. A., Ahmad, S., and Rahman, M. K. “Seismic behavior of beam-column joints strengthened with ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete.” Composite Structures, Vol. 200, (2018), 103–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.05.080
  15. Mosallam, A., Allam, K., and Salama, M. “Analytical and numerical modeling of RC beam-column joints retrofitted with FRP laminates and hybrid composite connectors.” Composite Structures, Vol. 214, (2019), 486–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.02.032
  16. Pimanmas, A., and Chaimahawan, P. “Cyclic Shear Resistance of Expanded Beam-Column Joint.” Procedia Engineering, Vol. 14, (2011), 1292–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.162
  17. Pampanin, S. “Influence of slab on the seismic response of sub-standard detailed exterior reinforced concrete beam column joints.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Canterbury, (2010). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3727
  18. Santarsiero, G., and Masi, A. “Analysis of slab action on the seismic behavior of external RC beam-column joints.” Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 32, (2020), 101608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101608
  19. Najafgholipour, M. A., Dehghan, S. M., Dooshabi, A., and Niroomandi, A. “Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Connections with Governing Joint Shear Failure Mode.” Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 14, No. 7, (2017), 1200–1225. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78253682
  20. Najafgholipour, M. A., and Arabi, A. R. “A nonlinear model to apply beam-column joint shear failure in analysis of RC moment resisting frames.” Structures, Vol. 22, (2019), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.07.011
  21. Pan, Z., Guner, S., and Vecchio, F. J. “Modeling of interior beam-column joints for nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete frames.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 142, (2017), 182–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.03.066
  22. Zhang, X., and Li, B. “Seismic performance of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joint with corroded reinforcement.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 228, (2021), 111556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111556
  23. Choi, H., Jin, K., Matsukawa, K., and Nakano, Y. “Evaluation of equivalent diagonal strut mechanism and shear strength of URM wall in-filled R/C frame.” In Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Istanbul, 2014), 1–10.
  24. Mansouri, I., Güneyisi, E. M., and Mosalam, K. M. “Improved shear strength model for exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints using gene expression programming.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 228, (2021), 111563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111563
  25. Choi, H., Sanada, Y., and Nakano, Y. “Diagonal Strut Mechanism of URM Wall Infilled RC Frame for Multi Bays.” Procedia Engineering, Vol. 210, (2017), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.11.095
  26. Paul, D., Choi, H., Matsukawa, K., and Nakano, Y. “Development of Diagonal Strut Mechanism of URM Wall Infilled RC Frame for Single and Double-Bays.” Bulletin of ERS, No. 48, (2015), 125–141.
  27. Xue, Z., and Lam, E. S. “A Plane Equivalent Micro-truss Element for Reinforced Concrete Structures” (2019), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.11159/icsect19.131
  28. Lee, S.-J., Eom, T.-S., and Yu, E. “Investigation of Diagonal Strut Actions in Masonry-Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames.” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, Vol. 15, No. 6, (2021), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-020-00440-x
  29. Wu, Y., Yang, C., Li, G. X., and Zhang, C. M. “Study on Mechanical Performances of Steel Truss Reinforced Concrete Transfer Beam.” Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 368–373, (2011), 299–302. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.368-373.299
  30. Van den Hoogen, M. G. M. “Beam or truss mechanism for shear in concrete: Problems converting a beam into a truss”, Master thesis, TU Delft Repositories, (2013). Retrieved from https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3Aca08b0e1-fdaf-4457-a19e-cabfb4425f11
  31. Saleem, K., Razzaq, A.-, Jebur, S. F., and Mohammed, A. H. “Concrete and Steel Strengths Effect on Deep Beams with Reinforced Struts.” International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 13, No. 1, (2018), 66–73. Retrieved from http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n1_10.pdf
  32. Wang, Y.-C., and Hsu, K. “Truss Analysis for Evaluating the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frames with Poorly Reinforcing Details.” In The 14 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, China, (2008), 1–8. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.488.4712&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  33. Murad, Y. “Joint shear strength models for exterior RC beam-column connections exposed to biaxial and uniaxial cyclic loading.” Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 30, (2020), 101225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101225
  34. Pauletta, M., Di Marco, C., Frappa, G., Somma, G., Pitacco, I., Miani, M., Das, S., and Russo, G. “Semi-empirical model for shear strength of RC interior beam-column joints subjected to cyclic loads.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 224, (2020), 111223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111223
  35. Wu, G., Jiang, M., Das, D., and Pecht, M. “ACA Curing Process Optimization Based on Curing Degree Considering Shear Strength of Joints.” IEEE Access, Vol. 7, (2019), 182906–182915. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2959324
  36. Karthik, M. M., Mander, J. B., and Hurlebaus, S. “Simulating behaviour of large reinforced concrete beam-column joints subject to ASR/DEF deterioration and influence of corrosion.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 222, (2020), 111064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111064
  37. Khan, M. S., Basit, A., and Ahmad, N. “A simplified model for inelastic seismic analysis of RC frame have shear hinge in beam-column joints.” Structures, Vol. 29, (2021), 771–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.11.072
  38. Gao, X., and Lin, C. “Prediction model of the failure mode of beam-column joints using machine learning methods.” Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 120, (2021), 105072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.105072
  39. Massone, L. M., and Orrego, G. N. “Analytical model for shear strength estimation of reinforced concrete beam-column joints.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 173, (2018), 681–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.07.005
  40. Park, R., and Paulay, T. “Behaviour of reinforced concrete external beam-column joints under cyclic loading.” In Proceedings of the 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Rome, Vol. 1, (1973), 772–781.
  41. Leon, R. T. “Anchorage requirements in interior RC Beam-Column joints.” In Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 4, (1988), 591–596.
  42. Pampanin, S., Calvi, G. M., and Moratti, M. “Seismic Behavior of R.C. Beam-Column Joints Designed for Gravity Only”, University of Canterbury, (2002). Retrieved from https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/173
  43. Kuang, J. S., and Wong, H. F. “Effects of beam bar anchorage on beam–column joint behaviour.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, Vol. 159, No. 2, (2006), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2006.159.2.115
  44. Murty, C. V. R., Rai, D. C., Bajpai, K. K., and Jain, S. K. “Effectiveness of reinforcement details in exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints for earthquake resistance.” Structural Journal, Vol. 100, No. 2, (2003), 149–156. Retrieved from https://www.concrete.org/restrictedcountry.aspx
  45. Adibi, M., Marefat, M. S., and Allahvirdizadeh, R. “Nonlinear modeling of cyclic response of RC beam–column joints reinforced by plain bars.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 11, (2018), 5529–5556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0399-4
  46. Said, S. H., and Abdul Razak, H. “Structural behavior of RC engineered cementitious composite (ECC) exterior beam–column joints under reversed cyclic loading.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 107, (2016), 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.01.001
  47. Marimuthu, K., and Kothandaraman, S. “Review on the Methods o , f Reinforcement Technique in Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column.” International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Vol. 10, No. 01, (2019), 970–987. Retrieved from http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=10&Issue=1http://iaeme.com
  48. Sengupta, P., and Li, B. “Modified Bouc–Wen model for hysteresis behavior of RC beam–column joints with limited transverse reinforcement.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 46, , (2013), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.08.003
  49. Kotsovou, G., and Mouzakis, H. “Seismic design of RC external beam-column joints.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 2, (2012), 645–677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9303-1
  50. Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Su, Y., and Feng, Y. “Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Reinforcement Ratio to Capacity of RC Column to Resist Lateral Impact Loading.” Systems Engineering Procedia, Vol. 1, (2011), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepro.2011.08.007
  51. El-Gendy, M., and El-Salakawy, E. “Effect of flexural reinforcement type and ratio on the punching behavior of RC slab-column edge connections subjected to reversed-cyclic lateral loads.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 200, (2019), 109703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109703
  52. Ibrahim, H. A., Fahmy, M. F. M., and Wu, Z. “Numerical study of steel-to-FRP reinforcement ratio as a design-tool controlling the lateral response of SFRC beam-column joints.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 172, (2018), 253–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.102
  53. Tobbi, H., Farghaly, A. S., and Benmokrane, B. “Behavior of Concentrically Loaded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Columns with Varying Reinforcement Types and Ratios.” ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 111, No. 2, (2014), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.14359/51686528
  54. Yavas, A., and Goker, C. O. “Impact of Reinforcement Ratio on Shear Behavior of I-Shaped UHPC Beams with and without Fiber Shear Reinforcement.” Materials, Vol. 13, No. 7, (2020), 1525. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071525
  55. Carmo, R.  N.  F.  do,  Costa,  H.,  Gomes,  G.,  and   Valença,    J.  “Experimental  evaluation  of   lightweight   aggregate   concrete  beam-column    joints    with   different   strengths   and

 

reinforcementratios.” Structural Concrete, Vol. 18, No. 6, (2017), 950–961. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201600166

  1. Hassan, M., Fam, A., Benmokrane, B., and Ferrier, E. “Effect of Column Size and Reinforcement Ratio on Shear Strength of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Two-Way Slabs.” ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 114, No. 4, (2017), 937–950. https://doi.org/10.14359/51689869
  2. Karimi, K., Tait, M. J., and El-Dakhakhni, W. W. “Analytical modeling and axial load design of a novel FRP-encased steel–concrete composite column for various slenderness ratios.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 46, (2013), 526–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.08.016
  3. Mogili, S., Kuang, J. S., and Huang, R. Y. C. “Effects of beam–column geometry and eccentricity on seismic behaviour of RC beam–column knee joints.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 5, (2019), 2671–2686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00562-y
  4. Halahla, A. M., Abu Tahnat, Y. B., Almasri, A. H., and Voyiadjis, G. Z. “The effect of shape memory alloys on the ductility of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints using the damage plasticity model.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 200, (2019), 109676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109676
  5. Zhao, W., Yang, H., Chen, J., and Sun, P. “A proposed model for nonlinear analysis of RC beam-column joints under seismic loading.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 180, (2019), 829–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.09.068
  6. Kaszubska, M., Kotynia, R., and Barros, J. A. O. “Influence of Longitudinal GFRP Reinforcement Ratio on Shear Capacity of Concrete Beams without Stirrups.” Procedia Engineering, Vol. 193, (2017), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.225
  7. Ashour, A. F., and Kara, I. F. “Size effect on shear strength of FRP reinforced concrete beams.” Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 60, (2014), 612–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.002
  8. You, Z., Chen, X., and Dong, S. “Ductility and strength of hybrid fiber reinforced self-consolidating concrete beam with low reinforcement ratios.” Systems Engineering Procedia, Vol. 1, (2011), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepro.2011.08.006
  9. Dias-da-Costa, D., Carmo, R. N. F., Graça-e-Costa, R., Valença, J., and Alfaiate, J. “Longitudinal reinforcement ratio in lightweight aggregate concrete beams.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 81, (2014), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.09.016
  10. Osman, B. H., Wu, E., Ji, B., and Abdulhameed, S. S. “Effect of reinforcement ratios on shear behavior of concrete beams strengthened with CFRP sheets.” HBRC Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1, (2018), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2016.04.002
  11. Kassoul, A., and Bougara, A. “Maximum ratio of longitudinal tensile reinforcement in high strength doubly reinforced concrete beams designed according to Eurocode 8.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 32, No. 10, (2010), 3206–3213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.06.009
  12. Peng, S., Xu, C., and Liu, X. “Truss-arch model for shear strength of seismic-damaged SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets.” Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 6, (2019), 1324–1337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-019-0557-z
  13. Ferreira, D., Oller, E., Marí, A., and Bairán, J. “Numerical Analysis of Shear Critical RC Beams Strengthened in Shear with FRP Sheets.” Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol. 17, No. 6, (2013), 04013016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000434
International Journal of Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 5
TRANSACTIONS B: Applications
May 2022
Pages 931-942

Files

Cited by

Share

How to cite

Statistics