%0 Journal Article %T A Characteristic-based Numerical Simulation of Water-titanium Dioxide Nano-fluid in Closed Domains %J International Journal of Engineering %I Materials and Energy Research Center %Z 1025-2495 %A Adibi, Tohid %A Razavi, Seyed Esmaeil %A Adibi, Omid %D 2020 %\ 01/01/2020 %V 33 %N 1 %P 158-163 %! A Characteristic-based Numerical Simulation of Water-titanium Dioxide Nano-fluid in Closed Domains %K Titanium dioxide %K nano-fluid %K Nusselt Number %K friction factor %K Numerical method %R 10.5829/ije.2020.33.01a.18 %X A new characteristic-based method is developed and used for solving the mixed and forced convection problems. The nano-fluid flow with heat transfer is simulated with a novel characteristic-based scheme in closed domains with different aspect ratios. For this purpose, a FORTRAN code has been written and developed. Water as a pure fluid and water-titanium dioxide as a nano-fluid were considered. The governing equations are solved by the finite volume utilizing a characteristic-based scheme for the convective fluxes. The simulation is done at Grashof numbers from 100 to 104, Reynolds numbers from 100 to 1000, and volume fractions of nano-particles from 0% to 10%. Streamlines, isotherms, friction factor, and mean Nusselt number are obtained in various conditions. The convective behavior of nano-fluid is explored as a function of several parameters, such as Grashof number and geometrical parameters. Results indicate that the mean Nusselt number for the nanofluid is up to 23% more than that of pure water. %U https://www.ije.ir/article_101159_ee467ad8a30e10f156d90c5fc816a9fc.pdf