Combine Use of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash in Concrete to Improve its Properties (RESEARCH NOTE)

Authors

Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

Abstract

This research paper describes the study of combined effect of Fly Ash (FA) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) on properties of concrete as partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). These by-products are having high pozzolanic reactivity. In this research, the composition of mix was used with 10% RHA along with 10, 20 and 30% FA as partial replacement of cement. In this study, the compressive strength, workability, durability performance, and microstructure of concrete were examined. The microstructures of the concrete sample were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and elemental contents by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The test results showed that the highest compressive strength was achieved by 10%RHA and 20%FA used and beyond that, the strength was shown similar to control concrete mix (CM). The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test result values were above the 4.5km/s; hence it may be considered as excellent concrete as per IS code for all mix. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was adopted for optimizing experimental data. Regression equation was yielded by the application of RSM relating response variables to input parameters. This method aids in predicting the experimental results accurately with an acceptable range of error. This type of concrete mix is very effective in enhancing the mechanical and durability properties of concrete by saving cement and cost. It also makes concrete sustainable as it reduces environmental problems.

Keywords


1.     Bouzoubaa, N., Zhang, M. and Malhotra, V., "Mechanical properties and durability of concrete made with high-volume fly ash blended cements using a coarse fly ash", Cement and Concrete Research,  Vol. 31, No. 10, (2001), 1393-1402.
2.     Zhang, D., Zhang, Y., Cheng, T. and Yuan, J., "New analytic method for subgrade settlement calculation of the new cement fly-ash grave pile-slab structure", International Journal of Engineering-Transactions A: Basics,  Vol. 29, No. 10, (2016), 1364-1371.
3.     Palou, M.T., Kuzielová, E., Novotný, R., Šoukal, F. and Žemlička, M., "Blended cements consisting of portland cement–slag–silica fume–metakaolin system", Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,  Vol. 125, No. 3, (2016), 1025-1034.
4.     Reddy, V. and Rao, V.R., "Eco-friendly blocks by blended materials", International Journal of Engineering,  Vol. 30, No. 5, (2017), 636-642.
5.     Kamalloo, A., Ganjkhanlou, Y., Aboutalebi, S.H. and Nouranian, H., "Modeling of compressive strength of metakaolin based geopolymers by the use of artificial neural network",  International Journal of Engineering. Transaction A, Basics, Vol. 23, No. 2, (2010), 145–152.
6.     Sharma, S., Gupta, T. and Sharma, R.K., "Assessment of mechanical properties of concrete containing granite slurry waste", International Journal of Engineering,  Vol. 29, No. 5, (2016), 599-605.
7.     Ganesan, K., Rajagopal, K. and Thangavel, K., "Rice husk ash blended cement: Assessment of optimal level of replacement for strength and permeability properties of concrete", Construction and Building Materials,  Vol. 22, No. 8, (2008), 1675-1683.
8.     Shafabakhsh, G. and Ahmadi, S., "Evaluation of coal waste ash and rice husk ash on properties of pervious concrete pavement", International Journal of Engineering-Transactions B: Applications,  Vol. 29, No. 2, (2016), 192-201.
9.     Prasara-A, J. and Gheewala, S.H., "Sustainable utilization of rice husk ash from power plants: A review", Journal of Cleaner Production,  Vol. 167, (2017), 1020-1028.
10.   Altoubat, S., Junaid, M.T., Leblouba, M. and Badran, D., "Effectiveness of fly ash on the restrained shrinkage cracking resistance of self-compacting concrete", Cement and Concrete Composites,  Vol. 79, (2017), 9-20.
11.   Law, D.W., Adam, A.A., Molyneaux, T.K., Patnaikuni, I. and Wardhono, A., "Long term durability properties of class f fly ash geopolymer concrete", Materials and Structures,  Vol. 48, No. 3, (2015), 721-731.
12.   Loser, R. and Leemann, A., "Shrinkage and restrained shrinkage cracking of self-compacting concrete compared to conventionally vibrated concrete", Materials and Structures,  Vol. 42, No. 1, (2009), 71-82.
13.   Abalaka, A., "Strength and some durability properties of concrete containing rice husk ash produced in a charcoal incinerator at low specific surface", International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials,  Vol. 7, No. 4, (2013), 287-293.
14.   Gastaldini, A., Da Silva, M., Zamberlan, F. and Neto, C.M., "Total shrinkage, chloride penetration, and compressive strength of concretes that contain clear-colored rice husk ash", Construction and Building Materials,  Vol. 54, (2014), 369-377.
15.   Kanthe, M.V.N., Deo, S.V. and Murmu, M., "Use of mineral admixture in concrete for sustainable development",  International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2017, 279–284.
16.   Le, H.T. and Ludwig, H.-M., "Effect of rice husk ash and other mineral admixtures on properties of self-compacting high performance concrete", Materials & Design,  Vol. 89, (2016), 156-166.
17.   Alex, J., Dhanalakshmi, J. and Ambedkar, B., "Experimental investigation on rice husk ash as cement replacement on concrete production", Construction and Building Materials,  Vol. 127, (2016), 353-362.
18.   Mehta, P.K. and Pitt, N., "Energy and industrial materials from crop residues", Resource Recovery and Conservation,  Vol. 2, No. 1, (1976), 23-38.
19.   Pode, R., "Potential applications of rice husk ash waste from rice husk biomass power plant", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,  Vol. 53, (2016), 1468-1485.
20.   Mostari, M.S., Zaman, T., Sen, A. and Al Hassan, M.R., "Synthesis and characterization of porcelain body developed from rice husk ash", International Journal of Engineering-Transactions A: Basics,  Vol. 31, No. 1, (2017), 25-31.
21.   Authority, C.E., "Report on fly ash generation at coal/lignite based thermal power stations and its utilization in the country for the year 2014–15",  Central Electricity Authority New Delhi, 1–(2015) .
22.   Bui, L.A.-t., Chen, C.-t., Hwang, C.-l. and Wu, W.-s., "Effect of silica  forms  in  rice  husk  ash  on  the  properties  of  concrete", International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials,  Vol. 19, No. 3, (2012), 252-258.
23.   Van Tuan, N., Ye, G., Van Breugel, K. and Copuroglu, O., "Hydration and microstructure of ultra high performance concrete incorporating rice husk ash", Cement and Concrete Research,  Vol. 41, No. 11, (2011), 1104-1111.
24.   Kadapure, S.A., Kulkarni, G.S. and Prakash, K., "A laboratory investigation on the production of sustainable bacteria-blended fly ash concrete", Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,  Vol. 42, No. 3, (2017), 1039-1048.
25.   Nuruddin, M.F., Chang, K.Y. and Azmee, N.M., "Workability and compressive strength of ductile self compacting concrete (DSCC) with various cement replacement materials", Construction and Building Materials,  Vol. 55, (2014), 153-157.
26.   Xu, W., Lo, T.Y. and Memon, S.A., "Microstructure and reactivity of rich husk ash", Construction and Building Materials,  Vol. 29, (2012), 541-547.
27.   516, I., Indian standard methods of tests for strength of concrete. 1959.
28.   Ramachandran, V.S., "Concrete admixtures handbook: Properties, science and technology, William Andrew,  (1996).
29.   Sua-iam, G. and Makul, N., "Utilization of high volumes of unprocessed lignite-coal fly ash and rice husk ash in self-consolidating concrete", Journal of Cleaner Production,  Vol. 78, (2014), 184-194.
30.   Rao, S.K., Sravana, P. and Rao, T.C., "Experimental studies in ultrasonic pulse velocity of roller compacted concrete pavement containing fly ash and m-sand", International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology,  Vol. 9, No. 4, (2016), 289-301.
31.   Rath, B., Deo, S. and Ramtekkar, G., "Durable glass fiber reinforced concrete with supplimentary cementitious materials", International Journal of Engineering-Transactions A: Basics,  Vol. 30, No. 7, (2017), 964-971.
32.   Sharma, S.K., Kumarb, P. and Roya, A.K., "Comparison of permeability and drying shrinkage of self compacting concrete admixed with wollastonite micro fiber and flyash", International Journal of Engineering,  Vol. 30, No. 11, (2017), 1681-1690.
33.   Khan, R., Jabbar, A., Ahmad, I., Khan, W., Khan, A.N. and Mirza, J., "Reduction in environmental problems using rice-husk ash in concrete", Construction and Building Materials,  Vol. 30, (2012), 360-365.
34.   Memon, S.A., Shaikh, M.A. and Akbar, H., "Utilization of rice husk ash as viscosity modifying agent in self compacting concrete", Construction and Building Materials,  Vol. 25, No. 2, (2011), 1044-1048.
35.   Myers, R.H., Montgomery, D.C., Vining, G.G., Borror, C.M. and Kowalski, S.M., "Response surface methodology: A retrospective and literature survey", Journal of Quality Technology,  Vol. 36, No. 1, (2004), 53-77.
36.   Chandrasekaran, K., Marimuthu, P. and Raja, K., "Prediction model for cnc turning on aisi316 with single and multilayered cutting tool using box behnken design (research note)", International Journal of Engineering-Transactions A: Basics,  Vol. 26, No. 4, (2012), 401-410.
37.   Babu, G.S., Chouksey, S.K. and Reddy, K.R., "Approach for the use of msw settlement predictions in the assessment of landfill capacity based on reliability analysis", Waste Management,  Vol. 33, No. 10, (2013), 2029-2034.