Evaluating Applicability of ASTM C 928 Approach in Assessing Adequacy of Patch Repair of Bridge Piers

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

Severe environmental conditions in many parts of Iran could adversely affect infrastructures, especially bridge piers. This research evaluates the efficiency of fiber-reinforced polymer-modified self-compacting concrete in patch repair of bridge piers. The efficiency of this material for repair has been verified using ASTM C 928 and a novel testing method (patch test) that uses a cylindrical compression test simulating indirect force transfer from old (existing) concrete to new (patch repaired) concrete. To investigate the efficiency of self-compacting concrete in patch repair and derive the correlation between bond strength and patch strength, two sets of specimens have been included in the experimental program. These include 24 and 27 specimens which are prepared for patch and slant shear tests, respectively. Test results show significant improvement in strength due to use of polymer modified and fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete in slant shear tests, where strength enhancement as much as 50% (compared to undamaged specimens) was observed. Meanwhile, in the patch tests, repaired specimens are only able to barely exceed the original strength of undamaged specimens. In the slant shear tests, the use of polymer is very effective in increasing bond strength and using fibers reduces observed variation in the strength of repaired specimens. Considering force path in the patch repair and regardless of materials used for repair, the results show that judging the efficiency of the repair method based on the slant shear test, as proposed by ASTM C 928, in the case of patch repaired elements could be misleading.

Keywords

References

  1. Mourad, S.M., Shannag, M.J., Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete square samples using ferro-cement jackets, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 34, No. 2, (2012), 288–294, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.09.010.
  2. Delatte, N., Failure, Distress and Repair of Concrete Structures, Elsevier, (2009).
  3. Giménez, E., Adam, J. M., Ivorra, S., Moragues, J. J., & Calderón, P. A. (2009). Full-Scale Testing of Axially Loaded RC Columns Strengthened by Steel Angles and Strips. Advances in Structural Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 2, (2009), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1260/136943309788251704.
  4. Choi, E., Chung, Y-S., Park, J., Cho, B-S., Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Samples Confined by New Steel-Jacketing Method, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 107, No. 6, (2010), 654-662.
  5. Islam, N., Hoque, M., Strengthening of reinforced concrete columns by steel jacketing: a state of review, Asian Transaction on Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, (2015), 6-14.
  6. He, R., Grelle, S., Sneed, L.H., Belarbi, A., Rapid repair of a severely damaged RC column having fractured bars using externally bonded CFRP, Composite Structures, Vol. 101, (2013), 225-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.02.012.
  7. Chellapandian, M., Prakash, S.S., Sharma, A., Axial compression–bending interaction behavior of severely damaged RC columns rapid repaired and strengthened using hybrid FRP composites. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 195, (2019), 390-404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.090
  8. Mohammed, A.A., Manalo, A.C., Ferdous, W., Zhuge, Y., Vijay, P.V., Alkinani, A.Q., Fam, A., State-of-the-art of prefabricated FRP composite jackets for structural repair, Engineering Science and Technology, (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2020.02.006.
  9. Ozturk, B., Senturk, T., Yilmaz, C., Analytical investigation of effect of retrofit application using CFRP on seismic behavior of a monumental building at historical Cappadocia region of Turkey, 9th U.S. National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Toronto, Canada (2010).
  10. Ozturk, B., Yilmaz, C., Senturk, T., Effect of FRP retrofitting application on seismic behavior of a historical building at Nigde, Turkey, 14th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Ohrid (2010).
  11. Dehghani, H., Fadaee, M.J., Reliabilty-based torsional design of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP laminate, International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics, Vol. 26, No. 10, (2013), 1103-1110.
  12. Júlio E.N.B.S., Branco F.A., Reinforced concrete jacketing-interface influence on cyclic loading response, ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 4, (2008), 471-477.
  13. Rodrigues, H., Pradhan, P.M., Furtado, A.F., Rocha, P., Vila-Pouca, N., Structural repair and strengthening of RC elements with concrete jacketing, Strengthening and Retrofitting of Existing Structures, Springer, Vol. 9, (2018), 181–198.
  14. Omar, M.Y.M., Gomes, R.B., Reis, A.P.A., Experimental analysis of reinforced concrete samples strengthened with self-compacting concrete, Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais, Vol. 3, No. 3, (2010), 271–283.
  15. Dubey, R., Kumar, P., Experimental study of the effectiveness of repairing RC cylindrical samples using self-compacting concrete jackets, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 124, (2016), 104–117.
  16. Park S.K., Yang D.S., Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with cementitious repair materials, Materials and Structures, Vol. 38, (2005), 329–341.
  17. Pellegrino, C., Porto, F., Modena, C., Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete axially loaded elements with polymer-modified cementicious mortar, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 23, (2009), 3129–3137.
  18.  Lampropoulos, A.P., Paschalis, S.A., Tsioulou, O.T., Dritsos, S.E., Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC), Engineering Structures, Volume 106, (2016), 370-384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.10.042
  19. Meda, A., Mostosi, S., Rinaldi, Z., Corroded RC columns repair and strengthening with high performance fiber reinforced concrete jacket. Materials and Structures. Vol. 49, (2016), 1967–1978, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0627-1.
  20. Beddar, M., Ayadat, T., Belgara, L., Optimizing of steel fiber reinforced concrete mix design International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, Vol. 17(1), (2004) 41-50.
  21. ASTM C 882, Test method for bond strength of epoxy-resin systems used with concrete by slant shear, American Society for Testing and Materials, (2005).
  22. ASTM C 928, Standard specification for packaged, dry, rapid-hardening cementitious materials for concrete repairs, American Society for Testing and Materials, (2008).
  23.  BS EN 12615, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures: Test methods- Determination of slant shear strength, (1999).
  24. Knab, L.I., Spring, C.B., Evaluation of test methods for measuring the bond strength of Portland cement-based repair materials to concrete, National Bureau of Standards, (1988).
  25. Austin, S., Robins, P., Pan, Y., Shear bond testing of concrete repairs, Cement and Concrete Research Vol. 29, (1999), 1067–1076.
  26. Ehsani, M.R., Rajaie, H., Raezanianpour, A., Momayez, A., Experimental investigation of the methods of evaluating the bond strength between concrete substrate and repair materials, International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics, Vol. 15, No. 4, (2002), 319-332.
  27. Momayez, A., Ehsani, M.R., Ramezanianpour, A.A., Rajaie, H., Comparison of methods for evaluating bond strength between concrete substrate and repair materials, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 35, (2005), 748–757.
  28. Muñoz, M.A.C., 2012, Compatibility of ultra high-performance concrete as repair material: Bond characterization with concrete under different loading scenarios, M.S. Thesis, Michigan Technology University.
  29. Pan, Y., Bond Strength of Concrete Patch Repairs: An Evaluation of Test Methods and the influence of workmanship and environment, PhD Thesis, Loughborough University of Technology, (1995).
  30. Nayak, D., Pattnaik, R.R., Bhoi, K.C., Panda, B., (2019). Investigation into material strength and direction of applied forces to assess bonding behavior of micro-concrete.Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 100, 75–82 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-018-0338-z.
  31. Cleland, D.J., Long, A.E., The pull-off test for concrete patch repairs, Proceeding of Institute for Civil Engineering Structures and Buildings, Vol. 122, (1997), 451-460.
  32. Dave, E.V., Evaluation of concrete and mortars for partial depth repairs, Research Report 2014-41, University of Minnesota Duluth, (2014). 
International Journal of Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 12
TRANSACTIONS C: Aspects
December 2020
Pages 2455-2463

Files

Cited by

Share

How to cite

Statistics