Materials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801A Study on Ratio of Loss to Storage Modulus for the Blood Clot1167117272351ENGabriele DubiniDepartment of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical En, Politecnico Di MilanoGiancarlo PennatiDepartment of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical En, Politecnico Di MilanoSajjad SoleimaniDepartment of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical En, Politecnico Di MilanoJournal Article19700101In this study the rheology of blood clot is measured with the help of rotational rheometer. Several shear strain (0.5, 1 and 2%) are applied with two frequencies (5 and 10 Hz) from the incipient time of clot formation and the response of the sample is measured with the form of shear stress and the phase lag which is interpreted with storage and loss moduli. In this study the ratio of loss to storage modulus is studied and the blood clot gel-point as the transition from viscoelastic fluid to viscoelastic solid is investigated. https://www.ije.ir/article_72351_dae13c86c26cebae7be4911176fc5a5b.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Nanofiltration Membranes Synthesized from Polyethyleneimine for Removal of MgSO4 from Aqueous Solution (RESEARCH NOTE)1173117872352ENMohammadreza Shirzad KebriaChemical & Petroleum Engineering, Babol University of TechnologyJournal Article19700101A novel work was performed for fabrication and modification of composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane by polymerization reaction between polyethyleneimine (PEI) and triphthaloyldechloride (TPC). the main purpose of this work was water treatment. polysulfone was applied as a main polymer of substrate. The result of reaction between PEI and TPC would be formation of polyamide layer on the membrane surface. SiO2 nanoparticles were used as modification agent. The fabricated membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), contact angle measurement and FTIR analysis. MgSO4 as one of the dissolved salt in water was investigated and these fabricated membranes were utilized to remove MgSO4 from water. Properties of substrate in addition to properties of NF membrane such as steric-hindrance and Donnan exclusion lead to a rejection of 89% for MgSO4.https://www.ije.ir/article_72352_558b2cc1ad486bebe30727aa5c6c543d.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801RESCUE: Reputation based Service for Cloud User Environment1179118472353ENThandeeswaran RSCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, VIT University, VelloreSaleem Durai M ASchool of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT UniversityHENA MSCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, VIT UNIVERSITY, VELLOREJEYANTHI NSCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, VIT University, VelloreJournal Article19700101Exceptional characteristics of Cloud computing has replaced all traditional computing. With reduced resource management and without in-advance investment, it has been victorious in making the IT world to migrate towards it. Microsoft announced its office package as Cloud, which can prevent people moving from Windows to Linux. As this drift is escalating in an exponential rate, the cloud environment has become a good target for attackers also. Hence as to get the best use of the cloud services, the security issues have to be dealt with first. Among various security threats faced by the cloud environment, we are focusing here on the most dangerous of all, Distributed Denial of Service Attack, DDoS. In DDoS attack, a victim is targeted simultaneously by numerous hosts distributed across the network. An attacker compromises the vulnerable systems in the network and infects those systems with malicious code which can trigger these systems, called zombies, to send requests in huge numbers to choke the target. This type of attack can happen both at network as well as service level. In this paper, a three phase authentication scheme, REputation based Service for Cloud User Environment has been proposed that can help the Cloud Service Provider to detect and mitigate both the aforesaid types of DDoS attacks. RESCUE, the proposed scheme authenticates the users in three different phases. Puzzle solving is used to discriminate human beings and robots. Based on the traffic flow, in case of network level attack and the interval between the consequent service requests,in case of service level attack, users are authenticated Credits are given to users based on this authentication and services are provisioned accordingly.https://www.ije.ir/article_72353_c3d989fa8f1ddb7d3547f73160fe6cb4.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801A Differential Evolution and Spatial Distribution based Local Search for Training Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network1185119472354ENMahdi EftekhariComputer Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of KermanHojjat Allah BazoobandiComputer Eng., Esfarayen University of TechnologyJournal Article19700101Abstract Many parameter-tuning algorithms have been proposed for training Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Networks (FWNNs). Absence of appropriate structure, convergence to local optima and low speed in learning algorithms are deficiencies of FWNNs in previous studies. In this paper, a Memetic Algorithm (MA) is introduced to train FWNN for addressing aforementioned learning lacks. Differential Evolution (DE) is utilized as the global search. The main contributions of this paper are: (i) Proposing a new fast and effective local search based on spatial distribution (that is named Spatial Distribution Local Search (SDLS)), SDLS can adjust the step size of parameters adaptively toward obtaining the better ones. (ii) Introducing an adaptive selection method to select appropriate individuals from current population for local refinement in MA. (iii) Improving the selection operator in standard DE by an adaptive strategy. In this strategy, worse offspring has a chance to be replaced with its parent to prevent trapping in local optima and controlling the selection pressure. The proposed MA is compared with several training algorithms of FWNNs over some benchmark problems. Experimental results obtained, confirm the effectiveness of the proposed MA for improving the convergence rate and modeling accuracy in comparison to the other training methods.https://www.ije.ir/article_72354_1b4169fa80b2d19476aab4e0da043610.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801House of Improvement Model to Enhance Prioritisation of Solutions in Decision Making: a Case Study1195120472355ENShye-Nee LowMechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains MalaysiaShahrul KamaruddinEngineering Campus, School of Mechanical EngineeringIshak Abd AzidMechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains MalaysiaJournal Article19700101The decision making on selection of improvement solutions was one of the obstacles hampering the success of process improvement. This paper presents the House of Improvement (HOI) model as a guideline to link decision criteria for the prioritisation of improvement solutions. Three phases in the HOI are applied to facilitate selection and to ensure that suitable and value-added solutions are chosen. Each phase includes procedures for identifying, evaluating, and analysing the elements by establishing a relationship matrix. The reliability of each relationship matrix will be tested in order to proceed to the next phase. The adopted matrices in the HOI serve as decision-making tools for analysing potential and critical problems in the production line, evaluating possible effects of the critical problems, and innovating on the necessary actions for the solution. Using a real-life case study, this paper demonstrates the applicability and suitability of the HOI model in providing prioritised solutions for production problems experienced by small and medium enterprises.https://www.ije.ir/article_72355_64bb19639bb0c3116f900011febfd43c.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Multi-criteria Logistic Hub Location by Network Segmentation under Criteria Weights Uncertainty (RESEARCH NOTE)1205121472356ENYoones GarmeyiIE, Shahed UniversityMahdi BashiriIndustrial Engineering, Shahed UniversityMohsen YahyaeiIE, Shahed UniversityJournal Article19700101Third party service providers are locating logistic hub for operating their tasks. Finding a proper location helps them to have better performance in competitive environment. Multiple characteristics of proper location selection faces the decision maker to have a multi criteria decision making problem. Since the location decision is a long term planning, the robustness of the decision is getting more highlighted so a Meta-model can be used to reduce uncertainty effect. Hub facilities are reducing the serving cost due to economies of scale. In this paper in order to enhance such effect we applied the clustering analysis to find similar regions by consideration of different characteristics. The approach is implemented in an Iranian case study and the validity of the approach has been investigated.https://www.ije.ir/article_72356_4dc3d44a5bcbbc09580897ee4506e76e.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Analytic Network Process Based Strategic Planning for Iran\'s Trade Promotion Organization1215122272357ENAli GhodratnamaIndustrial Engineering, Kharazmi UniversityMohammad Ali SobhanollahiIndustrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi UniversityHamid Reza MoghimiIndustrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi UniversityJournal Article19700101Strategic planning in each organization identifies its orientation and coming priorities as all decisions to be adopted respect to the ensuing outcomes. Strategic decisions considering crucial and irreversible results should not be based on experience and judgments. This paper uses analytic network process (ANP) method for prioritization in strategic planning. ANP is mostly analogous to analytic hierarchical process (AHP) with the only difference that the latter takes into account no interdependence between criteria and hierarchal levels, but the former does. The interpretations of the experts of the Iran’s Trade Promotion Organization\'s (TPO), internal and external factors have determined Strength and Weakness points, opportunities and threats (SWOT) as well as their internal communications. After all, the appropriate strategies are defined and prioritized.https://www.ije.ir/article_72357_376ea8b5a4c68b7969b6b4c4787ef434.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Three Meta-heuristic Algorithms for the Single-item Capacitated Lot-sizing Problem (RESEARCH NOTE)1223123272358ENEsmaeil MehdizadehIndustral Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityAmir Fatehi KiviIndustrial Engineering, Islami Azad University, Qazvin BranchJournal Article19700101This paper proposes a mixed integer programming model for single-item capacitated lot-sizing problem with setup times, safety stock, demand shortages, outsourcing and inventory capacity. Due to the complexity of problem, three meta-heuristics algorithms named simulated annealing (SA), vibration damping optimization (VDO) and harmony search (HS) have been used to solve this model. Additionally, Taguchi method is conducted to calibrate the parameters of the meta-heuristics and select the optimal levels of the algorithm’s performance influential factors. Computational results on a set of randomly generated instances show the efficiency of the HS against VDO and SA.https://www.ije.ir/article_72358_07578af8ad76297fe9c2548709476aa6.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Distribution Design of Two Rival Decenteralized Supply Chains: a Two-person Nonzero Sum Game Theory Approach1233124272359ENMahsa Noori-daryanDepartment of Industrial engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran BranchArezo RasulibaghbanDepartment of Industrial engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran BranchMasome Sadat BabaeiDepartment of Industrial engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran BranchAshkan HafezalkotobIndustrial Eng., Iran University of Science and Technology0000-0002-3992-6922Journal Article19700101We consider competition between two decentralized supply chains network under demand uncertainty. Each chain consists of one risk-averse manufacturer and a group of risk-averse retailers. These two chains present substitutable products to the geographical dispensed markets. The markets’ demands are contingent upon prices, service levels, and advertising efforts of two supply chains. We formulate the distribution design problem of two rival chains as a two-person nonzero sum game. Since strategic decisions of distribution designs often have priority over tactical ones, we first calculate the equilibrium of tactical decisions for each pair of distribution design scenarios. Then, according to the presented methodology, we find Nash equilibrium solutions of distribution network scenarios for two rival chains. Eventually, the research has concluded with a numerical example in order to illustrate the real applications of the methodology.https://www.ije.ir/article_72359_467f91c6dd39e015602db106043e1ee9.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Effect of Temperature and Gas Flux on the Mechanical Behavior of TiC Coating by Pulsed DC Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition(TECHNICAL NOTE)1243125072360ENMahboobeh AzadiMaterial Eng., Semnan University, Faculty of Material and metallurgical engineeringJournal Article19700101 There are many factors such as voltages, duty cycle, pressure, temperatures and gas flux in coatings process that were effective in changing coatings characteristic. In this paper in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique, temperature and gas flux are two important variants that affecting the coatings structure and mechanical properties. All TiC coating deposited on a hot work tool steel (H13) had a thickness of 2-3 micrometer. The investigation of TiC coatings composition and structure were done with the grazing incidence XRD, the FTIR (Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy) and the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The mechanical properties of the coatings, such as hardness, wear resistance and surface roughness were studied with Vickers hardness indentation; pin on disk wear tests and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The best mechanical properties such as a high hardness (3100 VHN), wear resistance and fracture toughness (11.3MPa. m1/2) and low surface roughness (18 nm) were related to the coating that was deposited in 450°C. https://www.ije.ir/article_72360_0e9a3190b5c36f75421c4583622bcc60.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Experimental Investigation of Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in Vertical Tubes by Nanofluid: Effects of Reynolds Number and Fluid Temperature1251125872361ENMohammadmehdi DoroodmandDepartment of chemistry, Faculty of ScienceEbrahim Goshtasbi RadMechanical Engineering Department, engineering schoolAfsaneh RostamzadehMechanical Engineering Department, engineering schoolJournal Article19700101An experimental investigation was carried out to study mixed convection heat transfer from Al2O3-water nanofluid inside a vertical, W-shaped, copper-tube with uniform wall temperature. The tests covered different ranges of some involved parameters including Reynolds number, temperature and particles volume fraction. The results showed that the rate of heat transfer coefficient improved with Reynolds number for average wall temperatures of 50 and 60 centigrade degree. Additionally, the heat transfer coefficient increased slightly with an increase of the Reynolds number. Interestingly, the pressure drop of nanofluid was very close to that of base fluid. Besides, a new correlation was proposed to calculate the Nusselt number in W-shaped tubes.https://www.ije.ir/article_72361_ae0e7e7616ece157413b0a16c418ee1d.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Exergy and Energy Analysis of Diesel Engine using Karanja Methyl Ester under Varying Compression Ratio1259126872362ENMahendra RathMechanical Engineering, Centurion University of Technology & ManagementSaroj Acharyamehanical engg, ITER,BhubaneswarJournal Article19700101The necessity for decrease in consumption of conventional fuel, related energy and to promote the use of renewable sources such as biofuels, demands for the effective evaluation of the performance of engines based on laws of thermodynamics. Energy, exergy, entropy generation, mean gas temperature and exhaust gas temperature analysis of CI engine using diesel and karanja methyl ester blends at different compression ratios under full load and for different engine loads at compression ratio 18:1 are done in this paper using experimental data. Exergy efficiency, mean gas temperature, brake thermal efficiency increases with increase in compression ratio as well as load. Exhaust gas temperature, destruction of exergy and entropy generation decreases with increase in compression ratio and increases with increase in load for all blends of fuel.https://www.ije.ir/article_72362_5cf5ccfabacae0fe6ee918ef6961bc99.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Steady Flow Analysis and Modeling of the Gas Distribution Network Using the Electrical Analogy (RESEARCH NOTE)1269127672363ENS. M. HosseinalipoorMechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)Morteza TaherinejadMechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)R. MadoliatMechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)Journal Article19700101The mathematical modeling of a gas network is a powerful tool in order to identify the behavior of system under the different conditions. The modeling can be performed both for the steady state and unsteady state conditions. It is possible to use the fluid flow basic governing equations or the electrical analogy concept for developing the model. The second approach provides a simpler and more robust model, especially in large networks with different and numerous components. In this study this approach has been used for studying the steady state behavior of a sample gas distribution network. The model is verified by comparing its results with some existing experimental and numerical data. The comparison shows a very good agreement between the two results.https://www.ije.ir/article_72363_c74e8d611e32c6e7027109fb3bc358e0.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Elastic/plastic Buckling Analysis of Skew Thin Plates based on Incremental and Deformation Theories of Plasticity using Generalized Differential Quadrature Method1277128672364ENMahdi MaarefdoustMechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of MashhadMehran KadkhodayanMechanical Eng., Ferdowsi Univ.0000-0001-9880-8558Journal Article19700101Abstract In this study, generalized differential quadrature analysis of elastic/plastic buckling of skew thin plates is presented. The governing equations are derived for the first time based on the incremental and deformation theories of plasticity and classical plate theory (CPT). The elastic/plastic behavior of plates is described by the Ramberg-Osgood model. The ranges of plate geometries are 0.5 £ a/b £ 2.5 and 0.001 £ h/b £ 0.05 under uniaxial uniform compression or biaxial compression/tension. GDQ discretization rules in association with an exact coordinate transformation are simultaneously used to transform and discretize the equilibrium equations and the related boundary conditions. Based on comparison with previously published results, the accuracy of the results is shown. Finally, the effects of aspect, loading and thickness ratios, skew angle, incremental and deformation theories and different types of boundary conditions on the buckling coefficient are presented. Moreover, the effect of skew angle and thickness ratio on the convergence and accuracy of the method are studied. Due to the lack of published solutions for plastic buckling of skew thin plates and the high accuracy of the present approach, the solutions obtained may serve as benchmark values for further studies.https://www.ije.ir/article_72364_849beda985425e8752b0fe07344cb751.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801A New Technique based on Strain Energy for Correction of Stress-strain Curve1287129672365ENF. Faribamechanical engineering, islamic azad university of hamedanJournal Article19700101Tensile stress-strain curve is of high importance in mechanics of materials particularly in numerical simulations of material deformations. The curve is usually obtained by experiment but is limited by necking phenomenon. Engineering stress-strain curve is converted to true stress-strain curve through simple formulas. The conversion, however, is correct up the point of necking. From this point on, the curve should be corrected taking account of stress triaxiality. Over the past several decades, a number of methods such as Bridgeman correction technique have been proposed. In this investigation a new technique based on strain energy in introduced. Strain energy is assumed to be equal to the external work in tensile test. The energy method is compared with different approaches such as Bridgeman-Leroy, Bridgeman, Davidenkov, Siebel and optimization aided numerical simulation. The results indicate that the energy method prediction is very close to numerical simulation but at the same time it does not differ significantly too from the other approaches studied in this investigation.https://www.ije.ir/article_72365_6393d02672e314dde46ce861524ac8e7.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801The Possibility of using Flat Plate Solar Collector Based on the Best Calculated Tilt Angle in the City of Rasht as a Case Study (TECHNICAL NOTE)1297130672366ENMaryam Hassani, University of GuilanRamin Kouhikamalifaculty of engineering, university of guilanJournal Article19700101The possibility of using flat plate collector in northern parts of Iran specially city of Rasht has been investigated in this paper. According to the high humidity in the northern parts of this country, diffuse radiation plays a more important role than direct radiation. This fact can change the results of delivered solar energy and the best tilt angle of the collector compared to the sunny central cities. For this purpose, maximum solar energy based on the best tilt angle is calculated first. Relative to the horizontal collector, changing the tilt angle daily, monthly, seasonally and yearly has increased the delivered solar energy 16.58%, 15.84%, 15.31% and 10.79% respectively. Then the steady state two dimensional equation of conduction for the collector plate has been solved and the length of the collector required for heating the water to a desired temperature has been obtained. 20 meters of a typical collector (10 numbers) increases the water temperature to 66 and 85ÚC in the months December and September respectively. Mean efficiency of the collectors decreases with increasing the temperature of inlet water. That is the efficiency of the first and tenth collectors is approximately 60% and lower than 10% respectively.https://www.ije.ir/article_72366_a00fd130d3d3aac3104ee72a40dd7216.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Characteristics of Simple and Multi-cell Shapes of Quasi-hemisphere Thin-walled Structures1307131672367ENMasoud ParsapourMechainical Engineering Department, Bu Ali Sina UniversityJournal Article19700101 Thin-walled energy absorbers are used to reduce accident induced damages. In this study, thin-walled stainless steel structures in quasi-hemisphere geometry were subjected under quasi-static loading with Santam 150KN apparatus. Experimental results were compared with results of numerical simulations by LS-DYNA and it was shown that there is a good agreement between experimental and numerical results. Also, the multi-cell quasi-hemisphere specimens were numerically investigated and it was presented that increasing the number of cells increases the absorbed energy. The results showed that Six-cell specimen with the largest diameter and the minimum thickness has the most increase of Specific Absorbed Energy (SAE).https://www.ije.ir/article_72367_ab28d7200e52310eced303cb220118dd.pdfMaterials and Energy Research CenterInternational Journal of Engineering1025-249527820140801Effect of Abrasion Process on Reflectance Factor and Color Change of Chenille Woven Fabrics1317132472368ENK BhaskarAstronomy, Uttara- Scientia DivinaJournal Article19700101This paper focuses on effect of abrasion process on color and reflectance factor changes of dyed woven fabrics containing 100% acrylic chenille yarns in weft and cotton warp yarns. Three fabrics having 12, 14 and 16 weft per centimeter were dyed with three basic dyes in different hues. Four different abrasion levels, i.e. 50,200,400 and 650 were selected to abrade samples. The obtained results show that abrasion of samples leads to decrease of reflectance factor and increase of color change up to specific levels of abrasion, although this change was not the same for different hues and weft densities. It was found that reflectance factor and color differences of fabrics that have higher weft density were more affected by abrasion at all abrasion levels.https://www.ije.ir/article_72368_2a0e2d6f6f37bb28a5be935553e01382.pdf