2024-03-28T22:45:13Z
https://www.ije.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=11575
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
A Dimensionless Parameter Approach based on Singular Value Decomposition and Evolutionary Algorithm for Prediction of Carbamazepine Particles Size
Seyed Siamak
Ashraf Talesh
Razie
Rostamani
The particle size control of drug is one of the most important factors affecting the efficiency of the nano-drug production in confined liquid impinging jets. In the present research, for this investigation the confined liquid impinging jet was used to produce nanoparticles of Carbamazepine. The effects of several parameters such as concentration, solution and anti-solvent flow rate and solvent type were investigated. So far no analytical and acceptable model has been provided to predict the Carbamazepine particle size in confined liquid impinging jets. In this study the variables affecting the size of the particle became dimensionless using the dimensional analysis then by solving the equation with singular value decomposition method, a simple dimensionless relation was obtained for this process. Moreover, using the genetic algorithm the coefficients of dimensionless parameters were optimally extracted to minimize the error between the model and the laboratory outputs. The determination coefficient of the equation obtained by singular value decomposition method and the improved equation using genetic algorithm were obtained as 0.5291 and 0.5697, respectively. For such a complex experimental system, the accuracy of the obtained equations in spite of their simplicity is acceptable. The obtained results were compared with the results of the neural network model. The results showed that despite the higher precision of the obtained relations by the neural network, the relations obtained by singular value decomposition can be used as a simple method using the dimensionless parameters with acceptable acuracy to predict the particle size in confined liquid impinging jets.
CLIJ
SVD
Genetic Algorithms
Nano
drugs
2017
03
01
330
337
https://www.ije.ir/article_72892_7fd3f4adb49f961aa3ebb7111f15dad9.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
A Planar, Layered Ultra-wideband Metamaterial Absorber for Microwave Frequencies
Saughar
Jarchi
Omid
Soltan-Mohammadi
Jalil
Rashed-Mohassel
In this paper, an ultra-wideband metamaterial absorber is designed and simulated. The proposed absorber is planar and low profile. It is made of a copper sheet coated with two dielectric layers. Each unit cell of the metamaterial structure is composed of multiple metallic split rings, which are patterned on the top and middle boundaries of the dielectrics. The designed absorber utilizes different resonances of the split rings with non-identical parameters. In order to achieve ultra-wideband absorption, dimensions of the rings are designed to represent dissimilar nearby resonant frequencies. An ultra-wide bandwidth of 67% for 85% absorption is achieved. The absorber’s performance is investigated for TE and TM polarizations, and with varying incidence and polarization angles. Ultra-wide band performance of the structure for the case of normal incidence changes to multi-band absorption, with increasing the incidence angle. Electric field distribution of the rings for three low, middle and high frequencies in the absorption bandwidth is simulated and graphically demonstrated. The field distribution verifies that the rings with larger dimensions interact more effectively with low frequency electromagnetic waves, and the rings with smaller dimensions have stronger effects on high frequency waves.
metamaterial absorber
wide
band absorber
planar metamaterial
2017
03
01
338
343
https://www.ije.ir/article_72893_a1f4930bd1505d4664e09df90a3552e7.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
Development of Forward-wave Directional Couplers Loaded by Periodic Shunt Shorted Stubs
Zahra S.
Tabatabaeian
Mohammad Hassan
Neshati
In this paper a new procedure for designing forward-wave directional couplers using periodic shunt short circuited stubs is proposed. A new type of cell using these stubs, which enlarge the phase difference between even- and odd modes of a uniform microstrip coupled line is introduced. Using the equivalent circuit model for even- and odd-modes of the proposed cell, the elements of the ABCD transmission matrix of the cell are derived. The design procedure of the Forward-Wave Directional Couplers (FWDC) is disccused using the equivalent circuit model. To verify the accuracy of the proposed method, three FWDCs with different levels of coupling are designed and studied at the central frequency of 1.5 GHz. The couplers are numerically simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and the results including S-paramerters, coupling level and the overall bandwidth are compared with those obtained by equivalent circuit model. Moreover, a prototype of the proposed 0 dB coupler is made using a single layer of substrate and it is succesfully tested. Measured results show that 0.62 dB level of coupling is obatined with 1 dB flatness from 1.45 GHz to 1.63 GHz, which corresponds to 11.7% fractional bandwidth and the length of the fabricated coupler is 0.26λg.
forward
wave directional coupler
periodic structures
Bloch impedance
transmission matrix
2017
03
01
344
350
https://www.ije.ir/article_72894_c19db8f6123b99b7a528507bd77c4b79.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
Design and Simulation of a Moving-magnet-type Linear Synchronous Motor for Electromagnetic Launch System
Hassan
Moradi CheshmehBeigi
hassan
moradi cheshmehbeigi
The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) offers significant benefits to the aircraft, ship, personnel, and operational capabilities. EMALS has such advantages as high thrust, good controllability, reusable, etc., as a launching motor, a double-side plate Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor (PMLSM) can provide high instantaneous thrust. This paper presents the design and analysis of the moving-magnet-type permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). A detailed analytical modeling based on Maxwell’s equations is presented for analysis and design of PMLSM with Halbach array. In order to improve the thrust characteristics of PMLSM, the structural characteristics and magnetic field are analyzed. The results show an enhancement in the motor performance. Finally, we have used 2-D nonlinear time-stepping transient finite element method to demonstrate validity of the analytical analysis and parametric search is used for multi-objective optimization of PMLSM. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the effects of the parameters on the thrust and thrust ripple waveforms are analyzed.
EMALS
LHRM
Double
sided
FEA
magnetic field analysis
2017
03
01
351
356
https://www.ije.ir/article_72895_0f72ee793afb1c4fd9b0d75893aa2c31.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
A Novel Method for Implementing of Time-of-use to Improve the Performance of Electric Distribution Systems: A Case Study
Ali Reza
Sedighi
Mohsen
hamidian
Increased electric energy consumption in recent years, associated economic problems, reduced reliability and increased power losses in electric networks. One of the main solutions in smart grids to overcome the mentioned problems is demand response programs. In demand response programs, operators apply time-varying tariffs to consumers, and convince them to change their consumption pattern. Among the demand response programs, the most effective program for subscribers who receive electricity at fixed price is time-of-use (TOU) pricing. This paper offers a new approach to implementing TOU program, which is determining the scheduling and pricing of TOU tariff simultaneously taking into account the objectives of smoothing the load profile, reducing the losses and energy not supplied. The proposed method is simulated in MATLAB, and has been evaluated on an urban distribution network in Yazd Electrical Distribution Company (YEDC) that feeds 35 distribution transformers (20/0.4kV) through a radial feeder. Results show that implementation of this method has only a minor increase in cost and reduction in consumption for subscribers, and makes load profile more smooth, improve reliability and reduce power losses.
TOU
Daily Load Profile
Power Losses
ENS
Electric Distribution System
Genetic Algorithm
2017
03
01
357
365
https://www.ije.ir/article_72896_ff23a2249284206e47373bb66ef3ebef.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
Degradation of Low Concentrations of Formaldehyde in Sono Catalytic Ozonation Advanced Oxidation Processes using Zero-valent Iron
Malihe
Moazeni
Fahimeh
Teimouri
Maryam
Zarean
Afshin
Ebrahimi
The purpose of the current study is to evaluate formaldehyde degradation ratio with various methods in a batch reactor. In this work, the ozonation, sonolysis (ultrasonic), and ozone sonolysis, sono catalytic ozonation (SCO), and nano zero-valent iron catalyst processes were investigated for removal of formaldehyde. In addition, the influence of important factors such as pH (5–9), ultrasonic power (60-140 W), ozone dosage (20–200 mg hr-1), NZVI dosage (50-400 mg L-1), and initial HCHO concentration (1–20 mg L-1) were tested. The results demonstrated that the SCO process was the most efficient one amongst the process considered. The effect of important factors were also tested on the efficiency of the SCO process and maximum removal (99%) was found at a pH of 5, ultrasonic power of 100 W, ozone dosage of 200 mg hr-1, catalyst dosage of 200 mg L-1 and initial formaldehyde concentration of 15 mg L-1. The results led to the conclusion that the most effective factor was ozone dosage. Also, SCO process may be recommended for the treatment of solutions containing low formaldehyde concentrations.
Ozone
Formaldehyde
Zero
valent iron
Advanced Oxidation Process
sonolysis
2017
03
01
366
373
https://www.ije.ir/article_72897_fd4854025eba9a175bd39fff6c47d47b.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
A Network Design Model for a Resilient Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Lateral Transshipment
G.
Jalali
Reza
Tavakkoli-Moghaddam
Morteza
Ghomi-Avili
Armin
Jabbarzadeh
This paper develops a model for the closed-loop supply chain network design with disruption risk. By considering supply disruption, two factors including extra inventory and lateral transshipment are used as resilience strategies. The main purpose is to reduce the supply chain costs due to the location decisions, quantity of products between different levels and lost sale. Disruption in a supply is assumed completely by different scenarios, and then the problem is formulated by a mixed-integer programming model. Furthermore, a two-stage stochastic approach is implemented to tackle uncertainty. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to examine the effects of the resilience strategies on the structure of the supply chain and to propose some managerial insight for using the model in real world situations.
Closed
loop supply chaim
Disruption Resilience strategies
Uncertainty
2017
03
01
374
383
https://www.ije.ir/article_72898_520f27654f6e618831ef6229001793f6.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
A Novel Interactive Possibilistic Mixed Integer Nonlinear Model for Cellular Manufacturing Problem under Uncertainty
Ali
Tajdin
Iraj
Mahdavi
Arash
Hashemoghli
Elaborating an appropriate cellular manufacturing system (CMS) could solve many structural and operational issues. Thereby, considering some significant factors as worker skill, machine hardness, and product quality levels could assist the companies in current competitive environment. This paper proposes a novel interactive possibilistic mixed integer nonlinear approach to minimize the total costs of cellular manufacturing design. The proposed approach is elaborated regarding operation sequence, worker and machine assignments, route and worker flexibility, machine hardness level, worker and machine capacity, worker skill level, and product quality level based on imprecise information. Meanwhile, the product demand parameter because of its nature is defined based on fuzzy setting environment. Then, the interactive possibilistic approach is provided to cope with the existed uncertainty according to the problem environment. Finally, a numerical experiment is considered to show the capability of the proposed approach. The results of the proposed interactive possibilistic model show that the presented approach could assist companies for minimizing their costs and manipulating the machines and workers’ suitability. In this respect, comparing the obtained results from the proposed approach and similar circumstances shows that the proposed model could reduce the total costs by 27.8%.
Cellular manufacturing problem
Possibilistic approach
Interactive fuzzy approach
worker skill and flexibility
2017
03
01
384
392
https://www.ije.ir/article_72899_918eaea1d6db192df9770337f103a0aa.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
A Game Theoretic Approach for Sustainable Power Systems Planning in Transition
H.
Shakouri G.
M.R.
Amin Naseri
Najmeh
Neshat
Intensified industrialization in developing countries has recently resulted in huge electric power demand growth; however, electricity generation in these countries is still heavily reliant on inefficient and traditional non-renewable technologies. In this paper, we develop an integrated game-theoretic model for effective power systems planning thorough balancing between supply and demand for electricity markets in transition. In this regard, a Case Study of Iran’s power system is used to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed planning approach and also to discuss its efficiency. Sectoral electricity demands of Iran`s power system as nonlinear functions are forecasted by applying times series approach while general information on economical, technological, political and electricity market conditions of sectors is also given. The brief look into the planning results shows that the proposed approach provides not only competitive conditions for renewable technologies expansion but also a robust one compared to the traditional (cost-based) approach.
Sustainable Energy Systems Planning
Renewable Technologies
game theory
Forecasting
2017
03
01
393
402
https://www.ije.ir/article_72900_f3fbe0278a2ce9c496dcbd1a0cc1a76d.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
Addressing the Freight Consolidation and Containerization Problem by Recent and Hybridized Meta-heuristic Algorithms
Mostafa
Hajiaghaei-Keshteli
Ahmad
J. Afshari
Elahe
Nasiri
Nowadays, in global free market, third-party logistics providers (3PLs) are becoming increasingly important. Hence, this study aims to develop the freight consolidation and containerization problem, which consists of loading items into containers and then shipping these containers to different warehouse they are delivered to their final destinations. In order to handle the proposed problem, this research not only uses the traditional and recent algorithms, but also the two new hybridized methods are introduced in order to strengthen the advantages of recent ones. In this regard, this study considers the two important phases in meta-heuristic to develop new ones. Besides, Taguchi experimental design method is utilized to set and estimate the proper values of the algorithms’ parameters to improve their performance. For the purpose of performance evaluation of the proposed algorithms, various problem sizes are employed and the computational results of the algorithms are compared with each other. Finally, the impacts of the rise in the problem size on the performance of the proposed algorithms are investigated.
Freight consolidation and containerization problem
Red Deer algorithm
Stochastic Fractal search
Hybridized methods
Intensification and diversification phases
2017
03
01
403
410
https://www.ije.ir/article_72901_93a86d45d09a709c16beafbbd66f172e.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
Mixed-Model Assembly Line Balancing with Considering Reliability
Vahid
Khodakarami
Parvaneh
Samoei
This paper presents a multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm for the mixed-model assembly line balancing with stochastic processing times. Since, the stochastic task times may have effects on the bottlenecks of a system, maximizing the weighted line efficiency (equivalent to the minimizing the number of station), minimizing the weighted smoothness index and maximizing the system reliability are considered. After solving an example in detail, the performance of the proposed algorithm is examined on a set of test problems. The experimental results show the new approach performs well.
assembly line balancing
Reliability
mixed
model
stochastic processing time
line efficiency
2017
03
01
411
423
https://www.ije.ir/article_72902_db13d633aa4f54fce92d5245ddbaff50.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
Fitting the Three-parameter Weibull Distribution by using Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure
Ali
Salmasnia
Hadi
Mokhtari
The Weibull distribution is widely employed in several areas of engineering because it is an extremely flexible distribution with different shapes. Moreover, it can include characteristics of several other distributions. However, successful usage of Weibull distribution depends on estimation accuracy for three parameters of scale, shape and location. This issue shifts the attentions to the requirement for effective methods of Weibull parameters estimation. It is a known fact that the estimation procedure is inherently a very complicated procedure when the three-parameter Weibull distribution is of interest. Hence, this study suggests a computational approach, greedy randomized adaptive search procedures, with several neighborhood local searches to enhance the quality of estimations. Computational experiments are also implemented to assess the quality of estimations as opposed to benchmark grid search algorithm.
statistical inference
Weibull distribution
GRASP
Grid Search
2017
03
01
424
431
https://www.ije.ir/article_72903_8dcfbac19158fca84e2d2e19f45bc383.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
Effect of Surface Morphologies on the Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of MCrAlY Coatings Fabricated by High-velocity Oxyfuel Processes
FARID
NAEIMI
Mostafa
Tahari
In this study, the effect of surface morphologies on the isothermal oxidation behavior of MCrAlY coatings fabricated by high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) processes was investigated. To do so, free standing coatings with as-sprayed and polished surfaces were isothermally oxidized at 1050°C. The thickness of the bond coat was approximately 380μm. The Ra of the as-sprayed and polished surfaces were 6.4μm and 1.1μm, respectively. Before and after oxidation, the surface scale composition and morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDX) and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the roughness of the bond coat significantly affected oxide scales formed on the as-sprayed and polished coatings after 100h oxidation. With increasing roughness (Ra) of the bond coat, the oxidation rate constantly increased and composition of thermal growth oxidation (TGO) changed into oxide mixture consisting of Cr2O3, NiO and spinel. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscope analysis showed that thickness of TGO Layer of the polished CONiCrAlY coating at 1050°C was much thinner than that of the as-sprayed one.
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs)
Thermally grown oxide (TGO)
Surface roughness
HVOF
2017
03
01
432
438
https://www.ije.ir/article_72904_ed2f018450ec802034ed217ddb34130b.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
A Numerical Study on Aluminum Plate Response under Low Velocity Impact
Mohammad Reza
Mohammadi
Majid
Jamal Omidi
In the present paper, a numerical study is performed to investigate the response of different plates aluminum alloys subjected to low velocity impact condition. In this regard, the square AA5083-H116 aluminum plates with dimensions 300×300 and 3 mm and 5 mm thick under low velocity impact are modelled, and a mesh convergence study is carried out to decide the appropriate number of elements. In this research, the influence of strain rate effects[ah1] in low velocity impact response is examined by doing a comparative study using the isotropic elasto-plasticity and the Johnson-cook material models. The response to impact events of models including deflection history and maximum and permanent deflection is extracted and validated by available numerical and experimental data in literature. The results indicate that the strain rate has a significant influence on time histories and increases the accuracy of the predicted data. Then, using the developed modeling procedure, the behavior of three aluminum alloys under low velocity impact is investigated based on Johnson-Cook model. The results show that 7075-T6 and 6061-T6 alloys have the highest and lowest stiffness, respectively. Also, the lowest rate of absorbed energy to mass is observed in the 7075-T6 alloy
Low velocity impact
finite element modeling
Aluminum plate
Johnson
Cook model
strain rate effects
2017
03
01
439
447
https://www.ije.ir/article_72905_f72d5e06adc1667b243d2563164f2a34.pdf
International Journal of Engineering
IJE
1025-2495
1025-2495
2017
30
3
The Effect of Damping and Stiffness of Bearing on the Natural Frequencies of Rotor-bearing System
Mojtaba
Eftekhari
In this paper, the effectiveness of stiffness and damping of bearing is investigated on the natural frequencies of the rotor-bearing system. The rotor-bearing system consists of a shaft, two bearings and a disk between two bearings. Parallel spring-damper in horizental and vertical directions is considered for modeling the stiffness and damping of bearings. The gyroscopic effect is also considered in derivation of equations, together with its dependence on speed. Numerical results contain the critical speed of shaft for various values of bearing stiffness and damping. Moreover, the first six natural frequencies of rotor are presented in Campbell diagrams.
Keywords rotor
bearing system
bearing stiffness
bearing damping
campbell diagram
2017
03
01
448
455
https://www.ije.ir/article_72906_383051de861d8144c13ae46ee1b0f642.pdf