Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Mathematical Model and Vibration Analysis of Aircraft with Active Landing Gear System using Linear Quadratic Regulator Technique
137
144
EN
Milad
Zarchi
Mechanical Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
m.zarchi@srttu.edu
elaheh
aghamirbaha
elaheh.aghamirbaha
Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti
elaheh.aghamirbaha@gmail.com
This paper deals with the study and comparison of passive and active landing gear system of the aircraft and dynamic responses due to runway irregularities while the aircraft is taxying. The dynamic load and vibration caused by the unevenness of runway will result in airframe fatigue, discomfort of passengers and the reduction of the pilot’s ability to control the aircraft. One of the objectives of this paper are to obtain a mathematical model for the passive and active landing gears for full aircraft model. The main porpuse of current paper is to design Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) for active landing gear system that chooses damping and stiffness performance of suspension system as control object. Sometimes conventional feedback controller may not perform well because of the variation in process dynamics due to nonlinear actuator in active control system, change in environmental conditions and variation in the character of the disturbances. To overcome the above problem, this research designs a controller for a second order system based on Linear Quadratic Regulator. The performance of active system is compared with the passive landing gear system by numerical simulation. The results of current paper in compared with the previous work mentioned in reference, demonstrate 37.04% improvement in body acceleration, 20% in fuselage displacement and 13.8% in the shock strut travel. The active landing gear system is able to increase the ride comfort and good track holding by reducing the fuselage acceleration and displacement and load induced to airframe caused by runway excitation.
Linear Quadratic Regulator Controller,Full Aircraft Model,Active Landing Gear System,Suspension System
https://www.ije.ir/article_72660.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72660_b9f2fef19024143d3cb63bb60a88fad4.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Formic Acid and Microwave Assisted Extraction of Curcumin from Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
145
151
EN
Ghasem
Najafpour
0000-0001-9505-7146
Biochemical & Chemical Engineering, Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol
ije.editor8@gmail.com
Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound originated from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). This study was performed to investigate formic acid and microwave assisted extraction of curcumin from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). In order to enhance the curcumin extraction, different parameters such as particle size, effect of pretreatment with water, radiation intensity and type of solvent were investigated. For analysis of curcumin content, two methods were developed. Spectrophotometric methods at the stage of optimization and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determination of the purity of curcumin were used. At particle size of 0.21mm and input power of 100W using acetone as organic solvent, the highest curcumin extraction yields were achieved. The results showed that water is a suitable modifier for the pretreatment of turmeric with microwave irradiation. For purification of curcumin in HPLC analysis, methanol and water were used as co-solvents. Maximum obtained curcumin purity was 82.4%.
Acetone,curcumin,Formic acid,Microwave,Turmeric
https://www.ije.ir/article_72661.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72661_9e5c8e27158eb1d9dc74a610e64fa766.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Experimental Study on the Factors Affecting Hexavalent Chromium Bioreduction by Bacillus cereus
152
159
EN
Lobat
Taghavi
Department of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Universi
taghavi_lobat@yahoo.com
Mahdis
Emedzadeh
Department of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Universi
emadzadem@yahoo.com
Chromium through natural processes and human activities enters the air, soil and water. Chromium-resistant bacteria are capable of reducing toxic Cr(VI) to less toxic Cr(III). In this work, batch studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the rate of Cr(VI) reduction from synthetic wastewater of metal plating industry by Bacillus cereus under aerobic conditions. The effect of different inoculum volumes (5, 10, 15 and 20 mL), pH (5, 7 and 9), temperatures (20, 30 and 40 °C) and initial concentrations of Cr(VI) (10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L) for the best performance of chromium removal were investigated during 72 h of cultivation by Bacillus cereus. Complete reduction of Cr(VI) by Bacillus cereus was achieved after 48 h of incubation under optimized conditions of pH 9, inoculum volume of 5 mL, initial chromium concentration of 50 mg/L, and temperature of 40 °C. The results showed the highest rate of reduction at the lowest Cr(VI) concentration (1.04×10-2 h-1.10 mg/L) and the lowest at the highest Cr(VI) concentration (0.55×10-4 h-1.200 mg/L). Atomic absorption spectroscopy analyses under optimized conditions showed the concentration of Cr(III) in the culture supernatant was 49 mg/L after 48 h. The presence of almost all the reduced Cr(III) in the supernatant revealed Cr(VI)-reductase in Bacillus cereus is mainly associated with the soluble fraction of the enzyme. High Cr(VI) concentration resistance and high Cr(VI) reducing ability of Bacillus cereus make it a suitable candidate for bioremediation.
Bioreduction of hexavalent chromium,Bacillus cereus,Metal plating industry,pH,Temperature,Inoculum volume,Cr(VI) concentration
https://www.ije.ir/article_72662.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72662_64a4490e03c5087510af314215be1e46.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Removal of Strontium Ions by Synthetic Nano Sodalite Zeolite from Aqueous Solution
160
169
EN
Hossein
Esfandian
chemical engineering, semnan university
hossein.esfandian@gmail.com
Abbas
Azizi
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
zengichah@yahoo.com
Hossein
Fakhraee
chemical engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), Tehra
hfakhraee@mut.ac.ir
In this research, the zeolite sodalite, as an inorganic ion exchange material, was chemically produced in the template-free synthesis and evaluated in order to facilitate the sorption of strontium ions from aqueous solutions in batch operations onto acid treated zeolite with dilute H2SO4 solutions. The following indicates what the batch experiments included: a sorbent amount of 0.25 g in 100 mL of strontium solution (50 mg/L), a contact time of 80 min, pH 6 and a 20 oC temperature. To study the kinetics of removal process, three equations, i.e. Morris–Weber, Lagergren (pseudo first order) and pseudo second order were used. The sorption data were applied to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubnin-Randkovich (D-R) and Temkin models in order to estimate the sorption capacity, intensity and energy. An evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔS and ΔG was done. It was found out from thermodynamic parameters that the sorption of strontium onto zeolite was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic under studied conditions.
Strontium,Sodalite Zeolite,Kinetic,Isotherm,Thermodynamic
https://www.ije.ir/article_72663.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72663_7a26d45a00e14dc5a11b64809cccba8d.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Adsorptive Behavior of an Amberlite Anion Exchanger Resin for Uranium (VI) Sorption in the Presence of Sulfate Anions
170
175
EN
Mohammadreza
Kosari
Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology
mrkosari@alum.sharif.edu
Hamid
Sepehrian
hsepehrian@yahoo.com
Javad
Fasihi
jfasihi@yahoo.com
Massod
Arabieh
marabieh@yahoo.com
Mohammad
Mahani
, Graduate University of Advanced Technology
mahani@kgut.ac.ir
Uranium (VI) sorption using an anionic exchanger resin in the presence of sulfate anions, namely amberlite 910, was the subject of current study. Batch sorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of operational parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration and existence of various anions (including phosphate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, and nitrate) in the solution on amberlite 910 sorption behavior. Kinetics study revealed that the pseudo-second-order model showed better curve-fitting regression of the experimental data than the pseudo-first-order one. Freundlich isotherm was also provided well mathematical description of sorption process than the Langmuir one. It was also revealed that the existence of various anion species in the solution could strongly affect the sorption of uranium using amberlite 910 anion exchanger resin.
Uranium,Amberlite 910,Anion exchanger resin,Adsorption,Anion effect
https://www.ije.ir/article_72664.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72664_e50287907da2381cff7a61958c763159.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Gas Stations: Case Study
176
182
EN
F.
Nateghi
structure, IIEES
nateghi@iiees.ac.ir
Iran is a country with high seismicity while Tehran, the capital city is home to more than 10 million people which are located on the highest seismic zone of the country. There exist 153 gas stations throughout the metropolitan which are constructed to old building codes with little or no attention to the seismic considerations. In this study which was supported by the National Oil Company, first a site investigation of each station was conducted creating a seismic hazard map. A detail review of the existing drawings and creating as built drawings by opening different sections to control the original drawings then was conducted. After completing the as built drawings, a series of qualitative and quantitative investigations based on structural and finite element analysis was performed resulting in weak link identification for two performance criteria of life safety and immediate use levels. Based on the analytical investigations then deem-to-comply strengthening details and drawings were constructed. The whole procedures were utilized for the main building, piping and tanks, shed structure, pumps and mechanical and electrical units in each station. This paper will provide details in regards to the procedure, findings and retrofitting techniques which were used to achieve the goals of the project.
Retrofit,gas Stations,Seismic Evaluation,Equipments,Pumps,Tanks
https://www.ije.ir/article_72665.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72665_cfb18583bfd289aae886457cdce2e080.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Effect of Moisture Content on Shear Strength of Offshore Clay Interface Steel Surface
183
191
EN
SYEDESMAEIL
MOUSAVI
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineeri, Universiti Tenaga Nasional
mousavi.utn@gmail.com
This paper investigates the effect of moisture content on interface shear strength between offshore clay and steel plate. Although, sensitive and high plasticity offshore clay deposits are widely distributed in Malaysia and many other countries in the world, and steel is a vital construction material for many structures, research works on interaction between offshore clay and steel surface are relatively scarce. This study aims to evaluate interface shear strength of offshore clay with various steel surfaces namely, smooth, rough, and corroded. To achieve such aim, direct shear tests were conducted to assess the effect of moisture content and surface roughness on the interface shear strength. The normal stresses were ranged to be 50, 100, and 150 kPa. It was found that, the interface shear strength of offshore clay with rough steel significantly increased by almost 1.5-fold. It was further discovered that, addition of water content induced a progressive decrease in the interface shear strength. In summary, it has been observed that rough steel surface higher than the smooth and corroded steel surface enables a better interaction with offshore clay, enhancing the interface friction angle. The results developed in this research work can contribute a cost-effective design of structures in offshore clay.
Offshore clay,Moisture content,Interface shear strength,Surface roughness
https://www.ije.ir/article_72666.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72666_afdf95936c88e5194927a41139364fac.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Evaluation of Coal Waste Ash and Rice Husk Ash on Properties of Pervious Concrete Pavement
192
201
EN
gholamali
shafabakhsh
civil engineering, semnan university
shafabakhsh@semnan.ac.ir
saeed
ahmadi
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University
s.ahmadi@semnan.ac.ir
The use of pervious concrete has been significantly considered in recent years. This consideration is due to the properties of pervious concrete in relating to the environmental sustainability that is utilized in the effective management of the runoff from rainfall. Coal extraction and rice husk obtained from milling, produces wastes that have no application and followed by environmental pollution. The purpose of the current research, is to evaluate of the effects of coal waste ash (CWA) and rice husk ash (RHA) and to compare between the mechanical properties of pervious concrete pavement. Therefore, both of these wastes were burned and after that XRF testing it was observed that they both achieve Pozzolanic properties. In order to strengthen pozzolanic cement paste has been used CWA and RHA as a cement replacement in concrete mixtures. The results indicated that the addition of RHA and CWA improved the mechanical properties of pervious concrete, however the optimum percentage is dramatically varying. Among these, the effectiveness of CWA is more significant compared to RHA. By increasing the amount of CWA and RHA to the optimum level, the permeability of the pervious concrete will decrease simultaneously. Meanwhile, after the optimum level, it will be reversed.
pervious concrete pavement,Mechanical properties,Rice Husk Ash,Coal Waste Ash
https://www.ije.ir/article_72667.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72667_8b1ba6a950112c04209c9d2c6ac53b3b.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Design and Implementation of a Constant Frequency Sliding Mode Controller for a Luo Converter
202
210
EN
hadi
nasiri
Faculity of Engineering, Shahrekord Univercity
hadinasiri22@gmail.com
alireza
goudarzian
Faculity of Engineering, University of Isfahan
alireza9071@gmail.com
Navid
Abjadi
Faculity of Engineering, Shahrekord Univercity
navidabjadi@yahoo.com
In this study, a robust controller for voltage regulation of the POESLL converter worked in continuous conduction mode is presented. POESLL converter is a DC/DC converter with a high voltage gain. DC/DC converters are used in telecommunication systems, power sources and industrial applications. Owing to the switching operation, the structure of the POESLL converter is highly non-linear. In addition, because of the load and input voltage variations, its structure is time-varying. In order to improve the performance and regulate the output voltage, a non-linear controller is needed. This controller is developed based on constant frequency sliding mode method. The sliding mode controllers can cope with the non-linear and time-varying structure of the DC/DC converters. The performance of the proposed controller is studied in PSIM software. A laboratory model of the proposed controller has been implemented. In this paper, design, simulations and practical results are presented to show the effective performance of the proposed controller for voltage regulation of the POESLL converter.
POESLL converter,constant frequency sliding mode controller (SMC),laboratory prototype
https://www.ije.ir/article_72668.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72668_d57205b5936dcdfc3150eb0d590e717b.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Simultaneous Multi-Skilled Worker Assignment and Mixed-Model Two-Sided Assembly Line Balancing
211
221
EN
Mostafa
Zandieh
0000-0003-1209-9514
Department of Industrial Management, Shahid Beheshti University
m_zandieh@sbu.ac.ir
Parvaneh
Samoei
Industrial Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University
samouei_parvaneh@yahoo.com
This paper addresses a multi-objective mathematical model for the mixed-model two-sided assembly line balancing and worker assignment with different skills. In this problem, the operation time of each task is dependent on the skill of the worker. The following objective functions are considered in the mathematical model: (1) minimizing the number of mated-stations (2), minimizing the number of stations, and (3) minimizing the total human cost for a given cycle time. Furthermore, maximizing the weighted line efficiency and minimizing the weighted smoothness are two indices considered simultaneously in this paper. Since this problem is well-known as NP-hard class, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed to solve it. The performance of the proposed PSO algorithm is evaluated with a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm existed in the literature over several benchmarked test problems for the conditions of the current problem in terms of running time and solution quality. The results show the proposed algorithm is an efficient algorithm
Two,sided assembly line balancing problem (TSALBP),worker assignment,mixed,model,skill,Particle Swarm Optimization,Simulated Annealing,Taguchi method
https://www.ije.ir/article_72669.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72669_46615a525bd747ae6dcee6b13ed908bc.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Effects of Material and Geometrical Parameters on the Free Vibration of Sandwich Beams
222
228
EN
Mohamed Nadir
Amrane
Mechanic, Faculty of Technologyuniversity of Biskra, Algeria
mnamrane@yahoo.com
Djamel
Bensahal
Mechanic, Faculty of Technology, University of Laghouat, Algeria
bensahal.dz@gmail.com
The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of various parameters such as length, thickness, density, shear modulus of the core and Young modulus of skins for various boundary conditions: clamped-free and simply supported. By applying the model of Khalili et al for frees vibration analysis of sandwich beams by using finite element methods. Where, the core density is taken on consideration. The flexural vibrations of beams are analyzed by the finite element method, using the stiffness and mass matrix of beam element with three degrees of freedom per node. The three first natural frequencies are calculated by using Matlab commercial software. A comparison is established between three different lengths for each configuration. There is a good agreement between the results obtained by the present study with the results obtained by Khalili et al.
length,Finite element method,Free vibration,Frequency,sandwich
https://www.ije.ir/article_72670.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72670_b3977844aeee658248f42531a6b442a5.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Field Programmable Gate Array Implementation of Active Control Laws for Multi-mode Vibration Damping
229
235
EN
Ming
Yuan
College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
yuanming@njupt.edu.cn
This paper investigate the possibility and effectiveness of multi-mode vibration control of a plate through real-time FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) implementation. This type of embedded system offers true parallel and high throughput computation abilities. The control object is an aluminum panel, clamped to a Perspex box’s upper side. Two types of control laws are studied. The first belongs to non-model based control. This control law is designed to generate active damping within the designed bandwidth. The second control law is model based H-infinity robust control. A system identification process is needed before the controller synthesis. Each of the control law is implemented on a FPGA target, which is powerful to achieve high throughput control loop rates. The experimental control results demonstrate the non-model based control law has sufficient authority to suppress the interesting modes. The model-based robust control law’s control performance doesn’t has enough highlight compared to the previous method, which is not recommended for this application.
FPGA control,multi,mode vibration control,real,time FPGA target,smart structure,Plate
https://www.ije.ir/article_72671.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72671_4716a8cd594b6d7ab3977031c95c675d.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Numerical Modeling of the Stepped Planing Hull in Calm Water
236
245
EN
Mohammad
bakhtiari
Mechanical eng., Malekashtar Univ of Tech
hmaaa2002@gmail.com
Sadjad
Veysi
Marine Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology
s.veysi@aut.ac.ir
Hassan
Ghassemi
Marine Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology
gasemi@aut.ac.ir
This article describes a 3D CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulation implementation of the stepped planning hull in calm water. The turbulent free surface flow around the stepped planing hull is computed with a RANSE method, using the solver ANSYS-CFX. The turbulence model used is standard k–ε. In order to simulate the disturbed free surface, VOF model is implemented. The CFD model has been firstly validated using the available experimental data. The numerical results of drag, pressure distribution, wetted surface, water spray, wake profile and wave generated by the planing hull are presented and discussed at various speeds. Wake profiles calculated from present model are also compared with the ones calculated from Savitsky’s emprical equations at different speeds.
Stepped hull,Turbulent free surface flow,VOF model,Drag,Wake profile
https://www.ije.ir/article_72672.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72672_ac9b02004f173943724c977c765ac3e6.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Laminar Flame Speed Prediction in Lean Mixture of Aluminum Dust Clouds by Considering the Effect of Random Distribution of Particles in Two-dimension
246
254
EN
Mohammadali
Harati
Mecanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)
harati@mecheng.iust.ac.ir
Behnam
Akhoondian
Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology
akhoondian@mecheng.iust.ac.ir
In the present study, the effect of random distribution of reactants and products on laminar, 2D and steady-state flame propagation in aluminium particles has been investigated. The equations are solved only for lean mixture. The flame structure is assumed to consist of a preheat zone, a reaction zone and a post flame zone. It is presumed that in the preheat zone particles are heated and reaction does not exists. Then energy conservation equations of laminar flame had been solved two-dimensionally for different zones and algebraic equations of flame speed are obtained then a code was developed for modeling random situation of the combustion. Finally gas temperature distribution in different flame zones in the channel and also flame speed changes in terms of particles diameter, equivalence ratio, and channel width in random media are presented and compared with previous experimental and theoretical results. The gained results show a reasonable compatibility with the existed theories and experimental data
Random distribution,Aluminium particles,Flame temperature,Burning Velocity
https://www.ije.ir/article_72673.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72673_e82d3a4426fc5a8b5710c1b7e65ecea6.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Intake Manifold Flow Assessment on a 3-cylinder Natural Aspirated Downsized Engine Using CFD and GT-SUITE
255
263
EN
alireza
firouzgan
Automotive engineering, AZAD university parand branch
alifirouzgan@yahoo.com
Abolfazl
Khalkhali
automotive engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology
ab_khalkhali@iust.ac.ir
M. H.
Shojaefard
School of Automotive Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)
mhshf@iust.ac.ir
In this paper the intake manifold as the most effective part on engine’s volumetrice efficiency is in vestigated in detail with emphesizing on flow behavior and characterestics. The eight different design have been prepared and imported to CFD software. Five objective functions for investigation of flow have been connsidered and applied in TOPSIS with different weights. Mass flow rate,massflow rate deviation between runners,flow coefficient,turbulence intensity and velocity at runner end have been objective functions in flow detail assesment. Then all geometrical dimentions are applied to a verified ESC. The engine simulation model is developed for I3 engine with turbulence combustion model named “ SI-TURB” which will be validated by experimental combustion profile data. The experimental and numerical combustion pressure has a good accuracy, so that the ESC can simulate and predict the engine performance by 6.15% accuracy. It has to be stated that the hybridation of 3D analysis with engine simulation code in the closed loop method for developing of IM is nessassery in order to have the best compromising design. Finally combination of CFD with ESC results showed that, considering the same weight in TOPSIS for flow objective functions have more compatibility in point of engine power out put.
IM,CFD,Intake manifold model,ESC,volumetric efficiency
https://www.ije.ir/article_72674.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72674_54c85670594a6cd5860fec94119232de.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Minimization of the Sheet Thinning in Hydraulic Deep Drawing Process Using Response Surface Methodology and Finite Element Method
264
273
EN
Vahid
Modanloo
Mechanical Engineering, Urmia university
v.modanloo@urmia.ac.ir
Vali
Alimirzaloo
Mechanical Engineering, Urmia university
v.alimirzaloo@urmia.ac.ir
In most of the sheet forming processes, production of the parts with minimum thickness variation and low required force is important. In this research, minimization of the sheet thinning and forming force in the hydraulic deep drawing process has been studied. Firstly, the process is simulated using the finite element method (FEM) and simulation model is verified using the experimental results. Then the sheet thinning ratio and punch force as objective functions have been modeled using the response surface methodology (RSM). In this model, process parameters such as punch nose radius, die corner radius and maximum fluid pressure are the variables. Required experiments for the RSM were designed using the central composite design method and performed by FEM. Finally, optimum point of the parameters has been obtained by minimization of the objective functions using the desirability function method. In addition to, optimum range of the parameters determined using overlying contour plots. Results show that the response surface models have a good adequacy. According to this model, increasing of punch nose radius and die corner radius, lead to decreasing of thinning ratio and increasing the maximum punch force. Also the maximum punch force increases by increasing the maximum fluid pressure. Optimization results represent reduction of the thinning ratio almost 10% compared with conventional results.
Thinning,optimization,Finite Element,Response Surface Methodology,hydraulic deep drawing
https://www.ije.ir/article_72675.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72675_6b18b68b946cb3773c7be5f7ad7f7b27.pdf
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
29
2
2016
02
01
Energy Delivery at Oil and Gas Wells Construction in Regions With Harsh Climate
274
279
EN
Ekaterina
Leusheva
0000-0002-0510-7769
Well Drilling, Saint-Petersburg Mining University
leusheva.ekaterina@mail.ru
Valentin
Morenov
Electromechanical, Saint Petersburg Mining University
v.morenov@yandex.ru
Energy delivery at well construction in regions with hard climate is distinguished by variable demand in electric and heat power. Energy consumption of drilling equipment, production and living facilities varies greatly during the year, depending on power load charts and climate conditions. Power supply of remote well construction sites is mostly accomplished by operating autonomous power sources, such as gas turbine units. In this regard efficiency enhancement of power units is seen as relevant task. Thus combined heat and power structure for efficient power supply of well construction operations is offered by the authors. Required amount of electric and heat energy at well drilling in harsh climate is calculated in the paper. Also scheme of energy delivering structure based on gas turbine units with flue gases heat utilization for rig objects heating is developed in the article.
combined heat and power,well construction,energy delivery,Gas turbine,heat supply,drilling rig,heat losses
https://www.ije.ir/article_72676.html
https://www.ije.ir/article_72676_56828f7dab70dd39dc4563a4345605db.pdf