eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
807
814
72152
Encapsulation of Peppermint Oil with Arabic Gum-gelatin by Complex Coacervation Method
Q. Hadiseh Pakzad.Q.H
pakzad.hadiseh@gmail.com
1
Iran Alemzadeh
alemzadeh@sharif.ir
2
chemical eng, sharif university
Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology
The gelatin/gum Arabic microcapsules encapsulating peppermint oil were prepared by complex coacervation using tannic acid as hardening agent. The effects of various parameters, including concentration of wall material, core material, tannic acid and tween80 were investigated on particle size and encapsulation efficiency. For statistical evaluation of the parameters, Taguchi method has been used. The size of prepared spherical microcapsules was 19-66 micrometers. The results showed that, particle size increased with increasing core and wall concentration and decreased with increasing Tannic acid and Tween80 concentration. The efficiency increased by increasing the core and wall concentration, Tannic acid and Tween80 concentration had no effect on efficiency. Maximum efficiency of 82% was under optimal conditions: 4% wall material, 5% core material, 0.75% tannic acid and 0.02% tween80. The release of microcapsules was investigated in gastric and intestinal fluid. The microcapsules were release most of the core material in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2).
https://www.ije.ir/article_72152_995f6f7fc049391f54f3e32984d5155e.pdf
Encapsulation
Complex Coacervation
Menthol
Arabic gum
Gelatin
Tannic Acid
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
815
820
72153
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Thermostable and Acid Stable α-Amylase from Bacillus Sp. Iranian S1
YU Popov
physiol@ysu.am
1
A Terchunyan
trchounian@ysu.am
2
Hovik Panosyan
hpanosyan@yahoo.com
3
Sorour sharifi
sorour.sharifi@ymail.com
4
, Yerevan State University
, Yerevan State University
, Yerevan State University
Department of Microbiology, Plant and Microbe Biot, Yerevan State University
This study reports the purification and biochemical characterization of thermostable and acidic-pH-stable α-amylase from Bacillus sp. Iranian S1 isolated from the desert soil (Gandom-e-Beryan in Lut desert, Iran). Amylase production was found to be growth associated. Maximum enzyme production was in exponential phase with activity 2.93 U ml-1 at 50°C and pH 5. The enzyme was purified by isopropanol sedimentation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose DE-52 and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity with purification fold 98.9 with 25% yield and specific activity 375.9 U mg-1 of protein. The molecular weight of purified α-amylase was estimated to be 70 KDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme remained stable in a wide range of temperature and pH between 30°C- 110°C and 3-9, respectively. Assayed with soluble starch as substrate, the enzyme displayed optimal activity at 90°C and pH 5. The purified α-amylase was acid- and thermo-stable with novel properties making it suitable for many industrial purposes.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72153_92827a1f779ef1e5b8ea5e635456f7ce.pdf
α
amylase Purification Acidstabile Thermostability Bacillus Desert Soil
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
821
828
72154
Thermal Conductivity of Cu and Al-Water Nanofluids
Milad Tajik Jamal-Abad
miladtajik6@gmail.com
1
Department of Renewable Energy, Material and Energy Research Center(MERC)
Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in the base fluids, a new challenge for thermal sciences provided by nanotechnology. In this paper, the tested fluids are prepared by dispersing the Al and Cu into water at three different concentrations such as 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm. Thermal conductivities of these fluids are measured experimentally by thermal property analyzer i.e. KD2 Pro by using KS-1 sensor needle as this needle is preferred for low viscosity fluids. Experimental results show that thermal conductivity of nanofluids are higher than the base fluid and Thermal conductivity of Cu/Water nanofluid is more than Al/Water nanofluid, because of the Cu thermal conductivity is more in comparison with Al thermal conductivity. In addition, a comparison is made between the experimental results of thermal conductivity and the results calculated using models presented for predicting them. Results showed that classic thermal conductivity models are failed to predict nanofluids thermal conductivity, but novel models that consider the effects of temperature have more acceptable results and9% difference is found between experimental results and Xei model for Cu/water nanofluid.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72154_5bf465b01078cae54ae176a2b737e114.pdf
Thermal conductivity
Metal Nanofluid
KD2 pro
Theoretical Models
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
829
836
72155
Preparation of Nanochitosan as an Effective Sorbent for the Removal of Copper Ions from Aqueous Solutions
Camellia Zareie
zareie_chpre@yahoo.com
1
Ghasem Najafpour Darzi
najafpour8@gmail.com
2
Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
The most important pollutants in wastewater are heavy metal ions. In this paper, the effects of various parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature on the adsorption of Cu (II) by nanochitosan (NCS) was investigated in batch experiment. Nanochitosan was prepared based on ionic gelation and characterized by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Maximum uptake of Cu (II) was recorded at pH=6. Equilibrium data for Cu (II) were fitted well by Langmuir adsorption model with maximum adsorption capacity of 33.33 mg/g at 25°C. The obtained data showed that kinetically proceeded according to pseudo second-order model. It was concluded that NCS had great potential to remove Cu (II) ions from the aqueous solutions at various concentrations of metal ions.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72155_e726fe83dcc1ad0378c3696e95c97cf2.pdf
Nanoparticles
Nanochitosan
Biopolymer
Adsorption
Metal ion
Adsorption Model
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
837
844
72156
Factor Effect Estimation in the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Enhancement of Al2O3/EG Nanofluid in a Double-pipe Heat Exchanger
M. Zamanian
hasnomail@ije.ir
1
Electerical Engineering, Khaje Nasir Toosi University of Technology
The forced convective heat transfer (CHT) coefficient of a particular nanofluid, Al2O3 nanoparticles-ethylene glycol (EG) mixture, was investigated experimentally in a double-pipe heat exchanger. The nanofluid Nusselt number for different nanoparticles’ concentrations as well as various operating temperatures was measured to be increased up to 23.7% using 1.0% wt of nanoparticles. The significance of this work as novelty are the 22-screening design was used to investigate the effect of factors and the results emphasized that increasing nanoparticles’ concentration has higher effect on the CHT coefficient enhancement of nanofluid. The comparison of experimental results and semi-empirical correlations’ results was done and it was shown considerable deviations for high operating temperatures and nanoparticles as nanostructure concentrations.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72156_c30a168f014be2179db0f8ce531c0fa7.pdf
Nanofluid
Heat Conduction
heat transfer
Alumina
Nanostructure
Fluid Mechanics
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
845
858
72157
Adsorption of Fe (II) from Aqueous Phase by Chitosan: Application of Physical Models and Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Breakthrough
Mojtaba Masomi
mojtabamasomi@yahoo.com
1
Ali Asghar Ghoreyshi
aa_ghoreyshi@nit.ac.ir
2
Hamideh Radnia
hamide.radnia@yahoo.com
3
Kasra Pirzadeh
kasra_eco@nit.ac.ir
4
Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology
Chemical Eng., Babol Nooshirvani University of Technology
Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology
Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology
Removal of Fe (II) from aqueous media was investigated using chitosan as the adsorbent in both batch and continuous systems. Batch experiments were carried out at initial concentration range of 10-50 mg/L and temperature range of 20–40˚C. In batch experiments, maximum adsorption capacity of 28.7 mg/g and removal efficiency of 93% were obtained. Adsorption equilibrium data were well-fitted with Langmuir-Freundlich model and the model parameters were recovered. In column study, experiments were performed in a fixed bed of chitosan operated at continuous up-flow mode and constant temperature of 25˚C. Sharp breakthrough curves were observed at high flow rates, high inlet metal concentrations and low bed heights. Breakthrough curves were analyzed by physical models such as Thomas and Yan’s models as well as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. Compared to physical models, simulation of dynamic behaviour of the system using Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) demonstrated high coincidence between experimental and predicted breakthrough curves. The FTIR spectrum of chitosan before and after adsorption process demonstrated that hydroxyl and amino groups are the main functional groups involved in the binding of iron ions.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72157_1a20ca7edfb3878bcaee8188f3b5999f.pdf
Chitosan
Fe (II)
Adsorption
Breakthrough curve
Artificial Neural Network
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
859
864
72158
MHD Flow of Blood through Radially Non-symmetric Stenosed Artery: a Hershcel-Bulkley Model (RESEARCH NOTE)
Amit Singh
aksinghrbs@yahoo.com
1
MATHEMATICS, RBS COLLEGE AGRA
The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical model for studying the magnetic field effect on blood flow through an axially non-symmetric but radially symmetric atherosclerotic artery. Herschel-Bulkley equation has been taken to represent the non-Newtonian character of blood. The response of magnetic field, stenosis height, shape parameter on velocity, volumetric flow rate in stenotic section and wall shear stress at the surface of stenosis are revealed analytically and graphically.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72158_a398a8d9f7d836e4f8a7b73f57519435.pdf
Core velocity
Volumetric flow rate
Wall Shear Stress
radial distance
Magnetic field
Herschel
Bulkley Fluid
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
865
874
72159
Convective Heat Transfer from a Heated Rotating Disk at Arbitrary Inclination Angle in Laminar Flow
M. A. Mehrabian
ma_mehrabian@yahoo.com
1
Ghanbar Ali Sheikhzadeh
sheikhz@kashanu.ac.ir
2
P. Shahmohamadi
p.shmohamadi@gmail.com
3
Mechanical, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan
Mechanical, Kashan University
In this paper, experimental data and numerical results of heat transfer from a heated rotating disk in still air are presented over a large range of inclination angles and a dimensionless correlation is developed for forced, natural and mixed convection. The measured Nusselt number over the rotating disk is compared with the numerical results. The goal of the present research is to develop a semi empirical correlation in the familiar classical form for a rotating disk at any arbitrary inclination angle over a wide range of rotational Reynolds numbers. The results show that the local Nusselt number does not change dramatically with inclination angle.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72159_7bd6ce04c82d6018f7cd223fc0f7c612.pdf
Natural convection
Forced Convection
Rotating Disk
Nusselt Number
Inclination Angle
Reynolds Number
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
875
884
72160
Effect of Corner Bluntness on Energy Absorbing Capability of Non-circular Metallic Tubes Subjected to Axial Impact
Seyed Abdolmajid Yousefsani
sam.ysani.mech@gmail.com
1
Jalil Rezaeepazhand
jrezaeep@um.ac.ir
2
Seyed Ali Maghami
s.a.maghami@gmail.com
3
Mech. Eng., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM)
, Ferdowsi Unuversity of Mashhad
, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
The energy absorbing capability is one of the most important aspects of crushing behavior of a structure subjected to axial impact. In this paper, a simple practical method is introduced to enhance the crushing behavior of this kind of structure. The axial impact of metallic energy absorbing thin-walled tubes with special shaped cross-section is simulated using LS-DYNA software. The effect of change in the corners bluntness of non-circular metallic thin-walled tubes on their energy absorbing capability has been studied. Moreover, the mean crushing force, the maximum deformation, and the mass specific energy absorption (MSEA) of the tubes were compared. Results show that the energy absorbing capability can be significantly improved by choosing proper bluntness of the corners for quasi-triangle- and quasi-square shaped tubes. Furthermore, results show an improvement in the energy absorbing capability of quasi-square shaped tubes even in comparison with circular one.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72160_b3f231d63c9fa853e8b7074bc4a73c97.pdf
axial impact
Thin
walled tubes
energy absorbing
bluntness
Non
circular
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
885
894
72161
Mixed Mode Crack Propagation of Zirconia/Nickel Functionally Graded Materials
mahmoud El-wazery
eng_mahmoudsamir@yahoo.com
1
ahmed refat
sissy311945@yahoo.com
2
Osama hamed
osamahamed@yahoo.com
3
Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of menofia
Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of menofia
Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of menofia
Zirconia-nickel functionally graded materials were obtained by powder metallurgy technique. The microstructure, residual stress, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness were investigated. Mixed-mode fracture response of YSZ /Ni functionally graded materials was examined utilizing the three point bending test and finite element method (Cosmos/M 2.7). The results show that the stress intensity factors (KI, KII) for the FGM are less than those for non-graded composite (NGCs) under mixed mode loading conditions. There are some local perturbations in the crack propagation paths of the FGM and NGC specimens. Most of local perturbations exhibit in the layers with high Ni content such as the layers with 30%, 40% and 50% Ni, respectively. The local perturbations are believed to be caused by the local heterogeneity of the microstructure. The residual stress (maximum tensile stress) of the NGC (YSZ/50%Ni) was 122 MPa and was in agreement with the published paper.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72161_482febfbc8e2718706e77ee8c3ebd301.pdf
Keywords Functionally Graded Materials (FGM)
Powder Metallurgy Technique
mixed mode fracture
Finite element method
Non
graded composite (NGCs) and maximum principle stress (MPS)
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
895
904
72162
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Nanofluids Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Concentric Annulus (TECHNICAL NOTE)
Mohsen Sheikholeslami
mohsen.sheikholeslami@yahoo.com
1
Hamid Reza Ashorynejad
h.r.ashorynezhad@gmail.com
2
Mechanical Engineering, babol
Mechainical Engineering Department, Buein Zahra Technical university
Abstract This study is applied Lattice Boltzmann Method to investigate the natural convection flow utilizing nanofluids in a concentric annulus. A numerical strategy presents for dealing with curved boundaries of second order accuracy for both velocity and temperature fields. The fluid between the cylinders is a water-based nanofluid containing different types of nanoparticles: copper (Cu), alumina (Al2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag). The nanofluid is a two component mixture modeled as a single-phase incompressible fluid with the different thermophysical properties. This investigation compared with other experimental and found to be in excellent agreement. Result shows The type of nanofluid is a key factor for heat transfer enhancement. In this study the highest values of percentage of heat transfer enhancement are obtained when using silver nanoparticle.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72162_352d39e43bffed5a2c09a48b27549d8e.pdf
Lattice Boltzmann Method
Nanofluid
Curved boundary
Natural convection
Concentric annulus
heat transfer
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
905
912
72163
Experimental Study of the Effect of Castor Oil Biodiesel Fuel on Performance and Emissions of Turbocharged DI Diesel
samad Jafarmadar
jafarmadars@gmail.com
1
Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University
Experimental test are carried out on a semi-heavy duty Motorsazan MT4.244 agricultural engine at various loads in order to evaluate performance and emissions of DI diesel engine using the blends of diesel fuel with 5%, 10%,15%,20% , 30%(by volume) Castor oil and pure diesel fuel separately. The result show that maximum decreasing of PM emission is 73.2% and is observed in B15 at 50%load and the maximum increasing of BSFC and NO are 10.7% and 15.6% than that of the diesel fuel and are observed in B30 at 50% load and B20 at 50% load respectively. The results show that in B15 at 25% load, NO and PM emissions decreases 6% and 64% respectively and BSFC increases 1.5%.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72163_ab92bbcc0abd7e806244412362aedc32.pdf
Biodiesel
performance
emissions
Castor oil
Load
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
913
926
72164
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Air PV/T Collector of Forced Convection with and without Glass Cover
Soudabeh Golzari
sodabeh.golzari@ut.ac.ir
1
Mostafa Dehghani Mobarakeh
dehghanim@ripi.ir
2
ali bakhe kasaeian
alikasa20@gmail.com
3
Mohammad Mahdi Akhlaghi
mehdi_akhlaghi@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Renewable Energies, University of Tehran
Energy, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry
Renewable Energies, University of Tehran
Department of New Energies, Niroo Research Institute
In this study, the overall performance of air PV/T, based on energy and exergy analysis has been investigated. Two combinations of air PV/T, which consist of unglazed and glazed air PV/T, are considered. Thermal analysis and numerical calculations were carried out, and the performance parameters of the system for the climate conditions of Kerman were studied. The results are presented in graphs and some parameters such as electrical, thermal and overall energy and exergy efficiencies of these two combinations, have been compared. The results show higher thermal and overall energy efficiencies of glazed PV/T, whereas, higher electrical and overall exergy efficiencies of unglazed one were observed. The overall energy efficiency of glazed and unglazed systems are about 66% and 52%, respectively. Also, the overall exergy efficiency for unglazed and glazed systems is between 11.2-11.6% and 10.5-11.1% respectively.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72164_4faa82fef73c21c2a7a9027b6b5caa9e.pdf
air PV/T collector
Energy efficiency
Exergy efficiency
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2013-08-01
26
8
927
932
72165
Modeling and Simulation of Modern Industrial Screens using Discrete Element Method (TECHNICAL NOTE)
Zeinabsadat Mirzaei
azadehmirzaei@yahoo.com
1
Zahra Faraji
z.faraji83@gmail.com
2
Akbar Farzanegan
farzanegan@ut.ac.ir
3
Mining Engineering, University of Kashan
Mining Engineering, University of Kashan
School of Mining Engineering, University of Tehran, College of Engineering
With progress in mineral processing technologies, particle size classification equipment has also been changed to satisfy the needs of modern plants. Accordingly, design, manufacturing and utilizing of banana screens in mineral processing plants have led to increased screening efficiency at industrial scale. Banana screen is an important invention occurred in past decade which increases screening capacity. These screens are made of several screening segments with different slopes. Despite of frequent use of banana screens in industry, their control and optimization has been limited due to lack of fundamental knowledge about the screening process. Using numerical simulation is an effective method to overcome such limitations in design and optimization studies. Discrete element method (DEM) is a numerical approach which computes particles interactions and their movements. In this paper, the results of modeling and simulation of particles movement and classification in banana screens using DEM method in PFC3D software environment is presented. Hence, DEM simulation of a three-segment banana screen was done to study the effect of design and operating variables on classification. To validate our DEM simulation, the results obtained in this study were compared with the previous results reported in literature. The comparisons show the correctness of authors DEM simulation.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72165_94eb260bafeb302d952b2203f2c352ce.pdf
Modeling
Simulation
discrete element method
Screen
Banana Screen