@article { author = {Torang, Arezo and Alemzadeh, Iran}, title = {Acrylamide Reduction in Potato Crisps using: Asparaginase from Candida utilis, Commercial Asparaginase, Salt Immersion, and pH Treatment}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {879-886}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {This paper investigates the reduction of acrylamide formation in potato crisps as a result of asparaginase treatment, using calcium chloride and sodium chloride solutions with different concentrations, immersion in different pH solutions, and different frying conditions. The main aim is to compare the reduction of acrylamide in potato crisps using two kinds of asparaginase enzyme; the first enzyme is commercial but the second is an enzyme made from C. utilis specifically for food treatment. While commercial asparaginase reduces acrylamide formation by 39%, asparaginase obtained from C. utilis makes a higher reduction of 58% in potato crisps. However, both enzymes in combination with blanching inhibit much higher amount of acrylamide formation. Treatments with calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and citric acid have considerable effects on the content of acrylamide in fried potato. The maximum reduction of acrylamide is 95% caused by commercial treatment plus blanching.}, keywords = {Acrylamide reduction,Asparaginase,Potato crisps,Candida utilis,Calcium Chloride,Sodium chloride}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72746.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72746_5bb2012b158061e8bf9eb7bcdca9f178.pdf} } @article { author = {Hosseinitabar, Parisa and Davarnejad, reza}, title = {Application of Iron Electrode in Textile Industry Wastewater Treatment Using Electro-fenton Technique: Experimental and Statistical Study}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {887-897}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {The application of synthetic colors in textile industries and their entry into the water and groundwater is an environmental problem because of being very toxic material. The synthetic colors which are used in textile dyeing (plyacrilic and polyester) are usually dispersing colorants. They derive the azo and anthraquinone chemicals. Electro-Fenton process is an efficient technique which can degrade the recalcitrant wastewaters. The main goal of the present study was to examine the effect of iron electrodes (as a cheap and available material) on industrial textile wastewater treatment by electro-Fenton technique. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of reaction time, current density, pH, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio and volume ratio of H2O2 to textile wastewater (TW) (ml/l) on the process. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to consider the effects of five independent variables on the COD and color removal from the wastewater and optimize the operating conditions. The optimum conditions were obtained at reaction time of 71.74 min, current density of 40.11 mA/cm2, pH 2.84, H2O2/TW of 2.03 (ml/l), H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio of 3.89 for COD removal of 76.33%. Furthermore, optimum conditions were found at reaction time of 75.97 min, current density of 67.04 mA/cm2, pH 2.98, H2O2/TW of 1.69 (ml/l), H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio of 2.98 for color removal of 79.33%.}, keywords = {dyeing,COD Reduction,Color reduction,Electro,Fenton,Iron,Waste reduction}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72747.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72747_cdf6d52a981b09332e25710f21b781cc.pdf} } @article { author = {Fallah, N.}, title = {A development in the finite volume method for the crack growth analysis without global remeshing}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {898-908}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Crack growth analysis has remained one of the challenging problems in the fracture mechanics of structures. On the other hand, the fatigue crack growth is a common phenomenon in the components of structures like airplanes, navies and fluid storages where the fracture due to crack should be considered in the design of these structures. In this paper, the finite volume method (FVM) is extended for the modeling of static and fatigue crack propagation for two-dimensional problems. In the present method, due to the crack growth, no global remeshing is needed where only a cell dividing near the crack tip can be used which is easy to implement during the analysis. The accuracy of the method is studied by solving several benchmark problems and the results obtained are compared with the available analytical and numerical results. It is observed that the results obtained have good accuracy comparing with the references results.}, keywords = {Crack Growth,Interaction integral,Finite volume,Moving Least Squares}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72748.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72748_bb687f4ea50d57064cb5f51ff102bc5a.pdf} } @article { author = {Jain, Aruna and shukla, vaibhav}, title = {Design of Arrayed Waveguide Grating based Optical Switch for High Speed Optical Networks}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {909-915}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {This paper demonstrates the design of an Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWG) based optical switch. In the design both physical and network layer analysis is performed. The physical layer power and noise analysis is done to obtain Bit Error Rate (BER). This has been found that at the higher bit rates, BER is not affected with number of buffer modules. Network layer analysis is done to obtain performance in terms of packet loss rate and average delay. Analysis presented in the paper clearly reveals that there is a minimum amount of power required, which is necessary for the satisfactory performance of switch both at physical and network layer.}, keywords = {Optical Packet Switch,BER,PLR and Average Delay}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72749.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72749_31fcfcfe7442fb0f22d41b00c103eba4.pdf} } @article { author = {Gholami, Mohammad}, title = {Phase Frequency Detector Using Transmission Gates for High Speed Applications}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {916-920}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this paper a new phase-frequency detector is proposed using transmission gates which can detect phase difference less than 500ps. In other word, the proposed Phase-frequency Detector (PFD) can work in frequencies higher than 1.7 GHz, whereas a conventional PFD operates at frequencies less than 1.1 GHz. This new architecture is designed in TSMC 0.13um CMOS Technology. Also, the proposed PFD achieves a capture range approximately twice that of conventional PFDs. The simulation results support the theoretical predictions. To validate correct performance of this novel PFD, it is then used in a conventional delay locked loop structure.}, keywords = {PFD,Phase detector,DLL,PLL,Transmission gate,Transceiver}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72750.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72750_871312a9f8212c916fcb4aa595d4a694.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamidi, Hojatollah and Daraee, Atefe}, title = {Analysis of Pre-processing and Post-processing Methods and Using Data Mining to Diagnose Heart Diseases}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {921-930}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Today, a great deal of data is generated in the medical field. Acquiring useful knowledge from this raw data requires data processing and detection of meaningful patterns and this objective can be achieved through data mining. Using data mining to diagnose and prognose heart diseases has become one of the areas of interest for researchers in recent years. In this study, the literature on the application of classification algorithms for heart disease will be reviewed. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the studies carried out in this field so that the results of this review may lead to development of a clear view on the future studies. Here, first, the major medical tasks are specified and then, each article is investigated based on these tasks. Finally, some results, in terms of frequency algorithms in the use of classification algorithms, pre-processing and post-processing methods, will be provided. In this study, 49 articles obtained from similar studies with related subject matters, (from 2003 to 2015) are collected and reviewed. Obviously, the number of articles on applications of classification algorithms in heart disease is quite significant, therefore, it is impossible to review all of them in the present study. It is hoped that this study can provide results that pave the path for future research and further developments in this area.}, keywords = {Data mining,Classification,heart disease,Diagnosis,Prognosis,treatment}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72751.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72751_4a57edc3893fa13a86c001a51767af4e.pdf} } @article { author = {Fathollah Bayati, Mohsen and Sadjadi, S.J.}, title = {Two-tier Supplier Base Efficiency Evaluation Via Network DEA: A Game Theory Approach}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {931-939}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In today's competitive markets, firms try to reduce their supply cost by selecting efficient suppliers using different techniques. Several methods can be applied to evaluate the efficiency of supplier base. This paper develops generalized network data envelopment analysis models to examine the efficiency of two-tier supplier bases under cooperative and non-cooperative strategies where each tier has its own inputs/outputs and some outputs of the first tier can be fed back to the second tier. In cases that the proposed models become nonlinear an efficient heuristic method is proposed which can be used instead of existing time consuming methods like parametric linear programming approach. The implementation of the proposed method is demonstrated using a numerical examples and validity of proposed heuristic method is demonstrated via simulated data.}, keywords = {Two,tier supplier base,Network Data Envelopment Analysis,game theory}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72752.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72752_f77e8cbdb32fb0b2d9f302964519d74f.pdf} } @article { author = {Ma, Yidong and Li, Xinping and Wu, Kang}, title = {Microscopic Structures Analysis and Experimental Research of Beak}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {940-945}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {To reveal the mechanism of the easy discretization and low damage in kernel dispersal, this paper analyzes the microscopic analysis of beak structures and finds that maxillary outside cells of the beak are dense and hard. Besides, the cuticle wrapping on maxilla of chicken's beak can reduce corn kernels damage in the discrete process of ear. From force test of corn ear, we find that value of x direction is the maximum, second in the y direction, and the value of z direction is the minimum. With reducing of water rate, the forces in three directions all decline. A 3D scanner is used to collect point-cloud data of rooster beak. Based on the point-cloud data, a roller is designed. Then the working process of discrete roller is analyzed. This research can provide a conference for developing a corn thresher.}, keywords = {Agricultural,Corn,Discretization,quantitative analysis,Rooster beak}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72753.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72753_86f6127e637a31b6205215ac7638a5b1.pdf} } @article { author = {Zolfaghari, Mojtaba and ghoreshi, Majid and tahmasbi, vahid}, title = {Temperature in bone drilling process: Mathematical modeling and Optimization of effective parameters (TECHNICAL NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {946-953}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Bone drilling process is the most prominent process in orthopedically surgeries and curing bone breakages. It is also very common in dentistry and bone sampling operations. Due to complexity of the material that is machined, bone, and the sensitivity of the process, bone drilling is one of the most important, common and sensitive processes in biomedical engineering field. The most critical problem which can occur during bone drilling is increasing the process temperature higher than allowable limit (47oC) which causes thermal necrosis or cell death in the bone tissue. In this study an empirical model is developed to able surgeon to predict the temperature of the process based on tool’s rotational speed, feed rate, tool diameter and effective interactions between these parameters. Experiments were designed and modeled using response surface methodology and to ascertain operation condition, optimization was performed. Results show that within the range of the investigated variables, with an increase in the tool diameter and cutting speed the rate of temperature increases. It is noted that the behavior of the feed rate is complex where in this paper is investigated precisely. Introduced response surface model is able to predict temperature behavior based on the input parameters. The allowable range of parameters in bone drilling operation is introduced to obtain a quick and swift a desirable operation.}, keywords = {machining,bone drilling,Temperature,thermal necrosis,response surface method,Biomechanics}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72754.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72754_b527c5ce44a6c96b7a0b3c612197b0b7.pdf} } @article { author = {Oladapo, Bankole I. and Balogun, Vincent}, title = {Electrical Energy Demand Modeling of 3D Printing Technology for Sustainable Manufacture}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {954-961}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {The advent of 3D printers has been embraced globally within few years of its emergence. The surge in the acceptability of rapid manufacturing RM technology can be attributed to the depletion and cost of natural resources, waste reduction and sustainability criterion of manufactured parts. This rapidly evolving 3D printing technologies is predicted to grow exponentially especially for the manufacture of customized and geometrically complex products. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider and optimize the resource efficiency of 3D printing technologies at this early stage of this technology development. In this work, the direct electrical energy demand of 3D printing (i.e. fused deposition modeling) was studied and a generic model proposed. The developed model was further validated with the Stratasys Dimension SST FDM in order to evaluate and ascertain the generic application of the model. This work is a further contribution to the existing foundation for electrical energy demand modeling and optimization for the rapidly expanding 3D printing processes.}, keywords = {3D printer,printing energy,Rapid prototyping,fused deposition}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72755.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72755_93ccf8e88e997c5f406b2aab64ba982a.pdf} } @article { author = {Kazemi-Esfeh, Mohammad and Vahdat-Nejad, Hamed and Dehghan Manshadi, Mojtaba and Alavi, Mohammad}, title = {Speed Detection in Wind-Tunnels by processing Schlieren Images (RESEARCH NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {962-967}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Schlieren imaging in wind-tunnels is extensively utilized to study the effects of air on an airplane surface. One of the interesting subjects for research is to study the effects of speed change on the airplane surface. Speed change results in occurrence of shock waves, which are visualized as lines on Schlieren images. In this paper, we study the problem of detecting speed of a plane after occurrence of a shock wave. For this, a two-level scheme is utilized which involves Schlieren image processing and classification. In the first stage, favorite features are extracted from a Schlieren image, which are represented as a feature vector. In the second stage, a classification system is proposed which categorizes Schlieren images according to their features. Each class represents one specific case of speed change. Experimental results are conducted in Wind-Tunnel laboratory of the Malek Ashater University of Technology and show a perfect accuracy rate.}, keywords = {Classification,Schlieren imaging,image processing,feature vector,wind,Tunnel}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72756.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72756_ea6d4473a84e585d45923b2dd172a626.pdf} } @article { author = {lai, xiao}, title = {The Finite Element Transient Structure Analysis of the Startup of the Sugarcane Harvester Transfer Case}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {968-974}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {The broken bearings and great noise and vibration often occurs with the small sugarcane harvester transfer case when it starts up working. To analyze the startup status of the transfer case conveniently and quickly, the finite element transient structure analysis is carried out. with virtual prototype technology to simulate the transfer case's startup dynamic process and measure the instantaneous load values. Stress distribution and load variation analysis results show that during startup, the stress concentration of node load increases rapidly with gear speed rising transiently. The maximum value that lying on the underside of the bearing base goes beyond the allowable range before dropping sharply to approach the steady state with stress within the allowable range. Therefore, at startup the impact load of the transfer case increases far greater than in the steady state which deteriorate the structure stress condition seriously. The strength of the transfer case is then enriched by structural improvement accordingly to reduce maximum stress 36.8%, the maximum deviation 18.5% and the vibration up to30%, improving the bearings working reliability notably.}, keywords = {Sugarcane harvester,transfer case,transient structure analysis,the finite element analysis,Virtual simulation}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72757.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72757_f6de5d4a439a7cddf3f3c09ee2524aea.pdf} } @article { author = {Tajik Jamal-Abad, Milad}, title = {Analytical Investigation of Forced Convection in Thermally Developed Region of a Channel Partially Filled with an Asymmetric Porous Material- LTNE Model}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {975-984}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In present work forced convection flow in a channel partly filled with a porous media under asymmetric heat flux boundary condition has been investigated. The porous material is distributed on the one wall. Darcy–Brinkman and LTNE model have been assumed in order to solve momentum and energy equations, respectively. Fully developed conditions are considered in order to solve velocity and the temperature fields. Due to different configuration of porous media new velocity temperature profiles are introduced. The Nusselt number (Nu) is deduced in terms of the porous insert thickness(S), thermal conductivity ratio (k) and Darcy number (Da). The results illustrate that the fluid temperature in the clear region declines when the porous thickness grows at constant k.  The temperature difference between the fluid phase and the solid phase is decrease, as Bi increases. There are two stages for variation of Nu number with S and the optimum Nusselt thicknesses of the porous medium Sopt,Nu is found for different value of k and Bi. Moreover, at the particular value of S Nu number is independent of Bi and k for each Da number.}, keywords = {Channels partially filled with porous material,Analytical Solution,an asymmetric porous medium,Heat transfer enhancement,LTNE model}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72758.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72758_b1dd7177ac8091c4c2f7491f9a57611b.pdf} } @article { author = {Hosiennejad, Alireza and Souhar, Mohamed and Zafarmand, Behrooz}, title = {Analysis of the Characteristics, Physical Concepts and Entropy Generation in a Turbulent Channel Flow Using Vortex Blob Method}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {985-994}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this paper, using vortex blob method (VBM), turbulent flow in a channel is studied and physical concepts of turbulence are obtained and discussed. At first, time-averaged velocities,  and , and then their fluctuations are calculated. To clarify turbulence structures, velocity fluctuations and  are plotted. It is observed that turbulence structures occupy different positions and move with convection velocity. To verify the second law of thermodynamics, averaged vorticity and its fluctuations as well as averaged entropy and its fluctuations are calculated. Contours of these fluctuations  show that their positions coincide with the positions of turbulence structures and both positions move with the same velocity. Correlation coefficient of velocity fluctuations between two points, and temporal correlation coefficient at a point, which have significant role in understanding physics of turbulence, are calculated and plotted. Having obtained these coefficients, time  and space micro-scales and then  turbulence energy dissipation rate () are obtained. Also, spatial-temporal correlation coefficients is calculated and then for turbulence structures microscale of time (memory), microscale of space (size) and convection velocity of structures are found. These scales estimate their life and size. Having obtained dual correlation coefficients, spectral studies of the velocity fluctuations, and , are performed, which include both frequency amplitude (related to temporal correlation coefficient) and wave number (related to special correlation coefficient). In fact, spectral study of fluctuations is Fourier transform (Cosine) of these fluctuations. Finally, dropping rate of this transform is compared with available data in turbulence literature. }, keywords = {Turbulent Flow,Channel characteristics,Vortex Blob Method,Entropy generation}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72759.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72759_d86da15faf96e6e8438dc47e160b34d0.pdf} } @article { author = {Fakhari, Mojtaba and Saeedi, Nafiseh and Amiri, Ahad}, title = {Size-dependent Vibration and Instability of Magneto-electro-elastic Nano-scale Pipes Containing an Internal Flow with Slip Boundary Condition}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {995-1004}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Size-dependent vibrational and instability behavior of fluid-conveying magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) tubular nano-beam subjected to magneto-electric potential and thermal field has been analyzed in this study. Considering the fluid-conveying nanotube as an Euler-Bernoulli beam, fluid-structure interaction (FSI) equations are derived by using non-classical constitutive relations for MEE materials, Maxwell’s equation, and Hamilton’s principle. Thereafter, with consideration of the non-uniformity of the flow velocity profile and slip boundary conditions, modified FSI equation is obtained. By utilizing Galerkin weighted-residual solution method, the obtained FSI equation is approximately solved to investigate eigen-frequencies and consequently instability (critical fluid velocity) of the system. In numerical results, a detailed investigation is conducted to elucidate the influences of nano-flow and nano-structure small scale effect, non-uniformity, temperature change, and external magneto-electric potential on the vibrational characteristics and stability of the system. This work and the obtained results may be useful to smart control of nano structures and improve their efficiency.}, keywords = {FSIو MEEو Natural Frequencyو Flow Velocityو Instability}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72760.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72760_01522f5f5defbe76ab1b1b66099631d2.pdf} } @article { author = {shabani, rasoul and Ivaz, Karim and Abdollahi, Davoud}, title = {A Numerical Improvement in Analyzing the Dynamic Characteristics of an Electrostatically Actuated Micro-beam in Fluid Loading with Free Boundary Approach}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {1005-1013}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Electrostatically actuated microbeams have been studied by many researchers in the last few years. The aim of this study is to present an improved numerical analysis of the dynamic instability of a cantilever microbeam immersed in an incompressible viscous fluid. The finite element method is used for solving the vibrational equation of the microbeam and the potential functions of the fluids in the coupled system. The proposed model is more stable for higher fluid densities and changes the area of the pull-in voltage. Finally, it has been shown that involving the free boundary condition affects the dynamic responses and pull-in conditions of the structure in comparison with pertinent literature.}, keywords = {Free boundary Pull,in voltage Electrostatic actuation Added mass Microbeam}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72761.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72761_e1e4dc81b7aa956e04f7ad75ae0f170b.pdf} } @article { author = {Razi, Peyaman and Mirabdolah lavasani, arash and mehdipour, ramin}, title = {Numerical Solution of Fence Performance for Reduction of Sand Deposition on Railway Tracks}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {1014-1021}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Movement of sand particles in nature creates many problems for humans. One of these problems is deposition of particles on rails that decrease the speed of the train or in some cases hampers the reversal of the train rails. In this paper the motion of sand particles over a railway track embankment, and how these particles settle on railway tracks are investigated. Moreover,the performance of different fences of different heights and distances has been compared. It can be stated that particle velocity is highest on the embankment slope and up to the fence and lowest around the fence. Most of the particles deposition is on the slopes or near the embankment. Fences with different heights, distances (from the railway’s longitudinal axis), and porosities are compared. Using the appropriate fence depends on the geographic and environmental factors, but in general the use of a fence with a height of 1 meter positioned at distance of 3 meters from the railway’s longitudinal axis, and with 20% porosity is recommended.}, keywords = {Sand,deposition,railway,Velocity of particle,DPM model,Fence,porosity}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72762.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72762_c4e0250d69a887c3c3650dca2a5e88f7.pdf} } @article { author = {Rahmanpour, Mehdi and Osanloo, M.}, title = {Resilient Decision Making in Open Pit Short-term Production Planning in Presence of Geologic Uncertainty}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {1022-1028}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Short-term production plans are the basis for operational mine production schedules. They concentrate on making long-term mine plans operationally feasible. Furthermore, some variables such as ore grade and tonnage govern mine production systems and cause uncertainty in the supply of raw materials to the mills. Due to the quality variation of material, short-term production optimization is an uncertainty-based problem. Feed quality is a prerequisite for the mill designer. It affects the mill efficiency and the type of measures with respect to environmental regulations. There is a need to control and to predict the quality of feed at the mine site to meet mill requirements, which is a complex problem. To deal with this issue a stochastic optimization model is developed to capture the effects of resource uncertainties on mine planning. In that regard, three performance indicators are defined and an optimized mining schedule is used to simulate the performance of these indicators throughout the mine-life. This will quantify the effects of geological uncertainty on short-term and long-term plans. The objectives of the model also include minimizing the deviation of expected quality and quantity from the required values. The methodology was illustrated using a case study on a surface gold mine in Iran. This approach leads to resilient decisions and better quality control.}, keywords = {Production Planning,Open Pit Mining,Quality Control,Key Performance Indicators}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72763.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72763_0a809869e1b513656b8cba7539646fe0.pdf} }